The Revalidation of Blended Learning Among English Language Lecturers
Abstract
A pedagogical strategy known as blended learning, which blends traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning activities, has drawn a lot of interest from the educational community. To improve the efficacy of blended learning environments, this research investigates the use of fuzzy Delphi, a decision-making approach that includes expert judgement and linguistic factors. By utilizing the power of Fuzzy Delphi to create a more thorough and precise decision-making process, the study intends to solve the difficulties educators and institutions encounter while building and implementing blended learning models. Fuzzy Delphi enables the evaluation of numerous viewpoints as well as imprecise and ambiguous data, which enhances the accuracy of choices made during the planning and implementation phases of a course. This study encourages a systematic method for identifying and evaluating the critical elements affecting the success of blended learning efforts by utilizing Fuzzy Delphi in the context of blended learning. The study creates agreement on the importance and effects of many aspects, including technology integration, instructional styles, learner engagement, assessment methodologies, and institutional support, through an iterative process including a panel of experts. The results of this study offer insightful knowledge into the planning and execution of mixed learning environments that can improve student learning outcomes and create a stimulating learning environment. To ensure a customized and successful learning experience, educators can adjust and customize instructional approaches depending on the unique requirements and preferences of learners by incorporating Fuzzy Delphi methodology into the decision-making process.
Downloads
References
Alammary, A., Sheard, J., & Carbone, A. (2014). Blended learning in higher education: Three different design approaches. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.693
Albiladi, W. S., & Alshareef, K. K. (2019). Blended learning in english teaching and learning: A review of the current literature. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10(2), 232. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1002.03
Bodjanova, S. (2006). Median alpha-levels of a fuzzy number. Fuzzy sets and Systems 2000, 157(7), 879- 891.
Booker, J. M., & McNamara, L. A. (2004). Solving black box computation problems using expert knowledge theory and methods. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 85(1–3), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2004.03.021
Bouilheres, F., Le, L. T., McDonald, S., Nkhoma, C., & Jandug-Montera, L. (2020). Defining student learning experience through blended learning. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 3049–3069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10100-y
Bruggeman, B., Tondeur, J., Struyven, K., Pynoo, B., Garone, A., & Vanslambrouck, S. (2021). Experts speaking: Crucial teacher attributes for implementing blended learning in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2020.100772
Castro, R, (2019). Blended learning in higher education: Trends and capabilities. Educ Inf Technol, 24, 2523–2546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09886-3
Chang, P.-L., Hsu, C.-W., & Chang, P.-C. (2011). Fuzzy Delphi method for evaluating hydrogen production technologies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(21), 14172–14179. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.045
Cheng, C. H., & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy decision theory with linguistic criteria evaluation. European journal of operational research, 142(1), 174-186.
Claude, M. & Thoralf, M. (2021). Facilitating flexible learning by replacing classroom time with an online learning environment: A systematic review of blended learning in higher education. Educational Research Review, 34(100394). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100394.
Fortemps, P., & Roubens, M. (1996). Ranking and defuzzification methods based on area compensation. Fuzzy sets and systems, 82(3), 319-330.
Garrison, D.R. & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Elsevier, 7(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001.
Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x
Hsieh, T., Lu, S. & Tzeng, G. (2004). Fuzzy MCDM approach for planning and design tenders selection in public office buildings. International Journal of Project Management, 22. 573-584. 10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.01.002.
Ismiyati, Pramusinto, & Sholikah, Yulianti. (2022). Meta-analysis of digital-based learning to improve learning outcomes. Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research, 4. 10.33292/petier.v4i2.114.
Kaynak, E., & Macaulay, J. A. (1984). The Delphi technique in the measurement of tourism market potential. Tourism Management, 5(2), 87–101.
Kintu, M.J., Zhu, C. & Kagambe, E. Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. Int J Educ Technol High Educ., 14(7). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4
Korhonen, A. M., Ruhalahti, S., & Veermans, M. (2019). The online learning process and scaffolding in student teachers’ personal learning environments. Springer Link, 24(1), 755–779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9793-4
Lin, M.-H., Chen, H.-C., & Liu, K.-S. (2017). A Study of the Effects of Digital Learning on Learning Motivation and Learning Outcome. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3553-3564. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00744a
Mayr, A., & Oppl, S. (2022). Higher education at the margins – success criteria for blended learning systems for marginalized communities. Education and Information Technologies, 28(3), 2579–2617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11282-3
McCulloch, G. (2011). The Struggle for the History of Education. Routledge.
Menggo, S., & Darong, H. C. (2022). Blended learning in ESL/EFL class. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 25(1), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v25i1.4159
Mohd Ridhuan, M.J., Saedah, S., Zaharah, H., Nurulrabihah, M.N., & Ahmad Arifin, S. (2014). Pengenalan asas kaedah fuzzy delphi dalam rekabentuk dan pembangunan. Minda Intelek Agency.
Mullen, P. M. (2003). Delphi: myths and reality. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 17(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777260310469319
Mustapha, R., & Darusalam, G. (2017). Aplikasi kaedah Fuzzy Delphi dalam Kajian Sains Sosial. Penerbitan Universiti Malaya.
National Education Association. (2021, March 25). Rethinking the Classroom for Blended Learning | NEA. National Education Association. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://www.nea.org/professional-excellence/student-engagement/tools-tips/rethinking-classroom-blended-learning
Nisreen, S. K. K. (2016). The Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Improving Students' Achievement in Third Grade's Science in Bani Kenana. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(35), 109-116.
Rashid, Q. J., Abdul-Abbas, I. H., & Younus, M. R. (2021). Blended Learning In Teaching English To University Students. Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(3). https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/download/5614/5525/10981
Singaravelu, G., & Ranjan, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Learning English Grammar at Standard VI. GIS Science Journal, 9(1).
Skulmoski, G. J., Hartman, F. T., & Krahn, J. (2007). The Delphi Method for Graduate Research. Journal of Information Technology Education, 6(1), 1-21 http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol6/JITEv6p001-021Skulmoski212.pdf
Tang, C.W. & Wu C.T. (2010). Obtaining a picture of undergraduate education quality: a voice from inside the university. Springer.
Thendral, V., & Ganesan, P. (2022). Construction And Validation Of Scale To Measure The Blended Learning Of Higher Secondary School Students. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(8). https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/10885
Thomaidis, N., & Nikitakos, N., & Dounias, G. (2006). The Evaluation of Information Technology Projects: A Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-making Approach. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), 05, 89-122. 10.1142/S0219622006001897.
Tran, T. T., & Herzig, C. (2023). Blended case-based learning in a Sustainability Accounting Course: An analysis of student perspectives. Journal of Accounting Education, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2023.100842
Vaughan, N. (2007). Perspectives on Blended Learning in Higher Education. International Journal on E-Learning, 6(1), 81-94.















