Paradigm Shifts in Design Thinking: A Scientometric Review
Abstract
This study investigates the paradigm shift in design thinking from a user-centered operational methodology to a complex socio-technical framework supporting systemic innovation and sustainable development. Using CiteSpace-based bibliometric and knowledge mapping techniques, we analyzed 318 high-quality articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (2015–2024). Our findings reveal a clear three-phase evolutionary trajectory: from tool-centric education and service design applications, through the development of organizational dynamic capabilities, to the recent emphasis on system-wide co-creation and sustainability-oriented innovation. Cluster analysis identifies core knowledge domains, emerging trends in ethical AI co-design, and agile–design hybrid approaches. We further propose a three-dimensional theoretical model integrating cognitive, organizational, and technological perspectives. This work contributes to the theoretical understanding of design thinking's evolving identity and offers practical implications for education, management strategy, and sustainable socio-technical system transformation.
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