Us vs Them? A Review on Migration and security Issues in Sabah

Abstract

Migration is increasingly discussed as a security issue in Sabah, especially in urban areas with large undocumented populations. Policymakers and researchers often associate migrants with rising crime, overcrowding, and pressure on public services. Yet questions remain about how these security views are formed, and whether they reflect real-life situations or assumptions that label migrants as security threats. This article reviews existing studies, media coverage, and policy discussions on migration and security in Sabah. The review identifies recurring patterns of fear, competition, and social distance that continue to shape public perception and official responses. It also shows the lack of community-level perspectives in current debates. Drawing from security studies and human security approaches, this article suggests a more balanced understanding of migration one that does not view it solely as a threat, but as part of shared experiences and mutual interdependence between migrants and local residents.