Pendekatan Ijtihad Kontemporari Dr. Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī
Abstract
Perkembangan pesat dunia moden telah mencetuskan pelbagai persoalan hukum Islam kontemporari yang semakin rumit dan mencabar. Shaykh Dr. Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī, antara ulama yang telah menyumbang kepada pengembangan metodologi ijtihad kontemporari menerusi penggabungan prinsip-prinsip syariah dengan realiti semasa. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis pendekatan ijtihad kontemporari al-Qaraḍāwī yang merangkumi prinsip, kriteria, aplikasi serta implikasinya. Menerusi reka bentuk analisis kandungan kualitatif, kajian ini meneliti karya-karya utama al-Qaraḍāwī serta sumber-sumber sekunder yang relevan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kerangka ijtihad al-Qaraḍāwī dibina atas kriteria al-ḍarūriyyāt, al-ḥājiyyāt dan al-taḥsīniyyāt. Dari segi prinsip pula, al-Qaraḍāwī menekankan kebebasan daripada fanatik mazhab, mengutamakan konsep al-taysīr, menggunakan komunikasi yang difahami, fokus kepada kemanfaatan, konsep kesederhanaan dan fungsi ijtihad sebagai panduan. Pendekatan ijtihad ini diaplikasi menerusi tiga bentuk ijtihad iaitu al-intiqā'ī (tarjīḥ), al-inshā'ī (ijtihad kreatif) dan gabungan kedua-duanya. Kajian ini menyerlahkan sumbangan al-Qaraḍāwī dalam mengharmonikan kekuatan tradisi syariah dengan keperluan inovasi, ke arah menjana kerangka ijtihad yang lebih dinamik dan responsif terhadap tuntutan zaman.
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References
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