Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH)

Dari Kesetiaan Kepada Pragmatisme: Analisis Tingkah Laku Pengundi India dan Kemerosotan Pengaruh MIC Pasca PRU-12

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti kecenderungan politik pengundi India susulan kemerosotan prestasi Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) dalam pilihan raya umum bermula Pilihan Raya Umum ke-12 (PRU-12). Kemerosotan prestasi MIC juga menimbulkan persoalan mengenai legitimasi parti tersebut sebagai wakil utama kaum India dalam kerajaan Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan analisis tematik bagi mengenal pasti faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pilihan mengundi dalam kalangan pengundi India di Malaysia dalam tempoh pasca-PRU-12. Data kajian dikumpulkan melalui temu bual bersandarkan soal selidik separa berstruktur dengan 30 orang informan yang mewakili pelbagai latar belakang kaum India. Semua temu bual dirakam, ditranskripsikan secara verbatim dan dianalisis secara sistematik menggunakan perisian NVivo bagi mengenal pasti tema-tema dominan yang muncul daripada set data. Kerangka konseptual yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah model klasik tingkah laku pengundian, iaitu model sosiologi, identifikasi parti dan teori pilihan rasional. Pengintegrasian dimensi emosi dalam analisis membolehkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan komprehensif terhadap dinamika tingkah laku politik dalam kalangan pengundi India di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan berlakunya peralihan yang signifikan daripada kesetiaan tradisional berasaskan faktor sosiologi dan identifikasi parti kepada motivasi pengundian yang semakin dipengaruhi oleh pertimbangan rasional dan emosi. Emosi afektif seperti kemarahan, kekecewaan, ketidakpuasan hati serta aspirasi terhadap maruah muncul sebagai faktor penting dalam membentuk pilihan pengundi. Perubahan ini mencerminkan transformasi yang lebih luas dalam landskap politik negara serta menunjukkan peningkatan tahap kesedaran dan kematangan politik dalam kalangan pengundi India di Malaysia dalam tempoh pasca PRU-12.

Institusi Tuan Yang Terutama (TYT) Negeri Sabah: Aspek Konstruk Perlembagaan dan Nilai dalam kalangan Rakyat Negeri Sabah

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Isu utama artikel ini adalah berkaitan dengan institusi Tuan Yang Terutama (TYT) Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah yang merupakan unit politik tertinggi dalam hierarki pentadbiran Kerajaan Negeri. Jika semasa era Kolonial British (1881-1963), institusi TYT dikenali sebagai 'Gabenor' yang memegang kuasa Eksekutif berbanding fungsi TYT yang lebih bersifat istiadat tetapi mempunyai kuasa-kuasa tertentu sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan dalam Perlembagaan Negeri Sabah selepas pembentukan Malaysia pada tahun 1963. Namun, sejak berlakunya beberapa pergolakan politik Sabah khususnya era 1985 dan 2020, peranan TYT melangkaui aspek istiadat semata-mata dan adalah amat diperlukan bagi memastikan kestabilan politik dan pemerkasaan hak kepentingan etnik Bumiputera di Sabah. Dengan demikian, objektif kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kefahaman rakyat Sabah tentang kepentingan institusi TYT dalam sistem pentadbiran negeri. Ini disebabkan kajian-kajian lepas yang lebih memfokus kepada kajian bersifat biografi dan pendekatan sejarah. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini akan memberikan tumpuan kepada isu dan persoalan berikut iaitu tentang latar belakang pewujudan institusi TYT, kuasa dan fungsi TYT dan peranan kepimpinan TYT dalam hierarki pentadbiran kerajaan negeri Sabah. Metod kajian ini adalah berdasarkan kepada analisis survei borang soal selidik, tinjauan umum dan kaedah temubual. Hasil kajian telah memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang tahap kefahaman rakyat Sabah berkenaan dengan institusi TYT dan usaha-usaha ke arah mendaulatkan institusi TYT perlu dilaksanakan melalui pendidikan berterusan kepada seluruh rakyat Sabah dari masa ke semasa agar keharmonian dan kestabilan politik dapat dikekalkan.

Examining Secondary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Students with Twice-Exceptionality (2e) in Sabah, Malaysia: A Quantitative Study

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

Students who are twice-exceptional (2e) are those identified as gifted (possessing high intellectual or creative potential), while simultaneously exhibiting one or more disabilities, such as attention deficit disorder, autism, or dyslexia. This dual nature often leads to masking, whereby the talent conceals the disability, or vice versa, making the identification and support of 2e a significant challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine secondary school teachers’ perceptions of 2e in Sabah, Malaysia. Respondents were required to fill out a 2e checklist on Google Forms and their responses were subsequently analyzed using SPSS 29.0. First, ANOVA revealed non-significant differences in perceived 2e by way of age, gender, and job experience. Second, Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed that (1) three of the general characteristics items were significant at p < .05, (2) two of the autism items were significant at p < .05, (3) seven of the anxiety and depression items were significant at p < .001, (4) two of the visual processing items were significant at p < .001, (5) three of the attention deficit disorder items were significant at p < .05, (6) four of the sensory processing items were significant at p < .05, (7) three of the attention deficit items were significant at p < .05, and (8) three of the dyslexia items were significant at p <. 001. In general, current findings indicate the presence of students with 2e at Sabah’s secondary schools although the exact number is not known. Lastly, in light of the findings, some recommendations were made on ways to meet the needs of students with 2e in Sabah, Malaysia.

Understanding WhatsApp Disengagement: A Communication Privacy Management Perspective on Group Exit

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

This study investigated why individuals leave WhatsApp groups, drawing on Communication Privacy Management (CPM) Theory through a quantitative research design. Using questionnaires and SPSS Version 31, data were analysed via chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, and logistic regression. The most frequently cited reasons for leaving groups were information overload (68%), excessive voice messages (54%), and motivational or quotation content (49%). Communication style also played a notable role, with harsh, offensive, or emotionally hurtful language reported as damaging to participants' well-being and a contributing factor to group exit. Statistical analyses revealed several significant findings. Chi-square results demonstrated a significant association between age and privacy concerns (χ² = 12.34, p < .01), while independent samples t-tests showed that females reported greater privacy concerns than males (t = 2.15, p < .05). Logistic regression confirmed that both privacy concerns (β = 0.42, p < .01) and interpersonal conflict (β = 0.37, p < .05) meaningfully increased the likelihood of departure. Overall, the study found that privacy boundary violations, intensified conflict, personal attacks, and inappropriate language were strong drivers of disengagement. The findings underscore the importance of respectful communication, clearly defined group purposes, and effective moderation. Platform-level features supporting user autonomy were also highlighted as essential. Future research directions include cross-platform comparisons, intervention strategies to minimise unnecessary exits, and exploration of cultural differences in digital privacy management. The study contributes valuable insights into the social and psychological dynamics shaping participation in digital group communication.

From Compliance to Development: A Grounded Framework for School-Based Instructional Supervision in Malaysian Public Secondary Schools

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

School-based instructional supervision (SBIS) carries a formal legislative mandate in Malaysian public secondary education, yet its intended purpose of fostering teacher professional growth is not consistently realised. Documentation requirements frequently displace developmental intent, and supervision and evaluation continue to be conflated in ways that undermine formative practice. This qualitative multiple-case study examined SBIS implementation across two purposively selected urban public secondary schools in Selangor: one participating in the Transformasi Sekolah 2025 (TS25) programme, and one under standard national provisions. Fourteen participants comprised principals, senior assistant principals, heads of department, subject panel heads, and novice, mid-career, and experienced teachers. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis used Atlas.ti Version 23; intercoder reliability was confirmed via Fleiss' Kappa (κ = 0.775, p < .001), indicating substantial agreement. Seven themes addressed supervision implementation, professional growth, and systemic challenges. Findings reveal structurally divergent supervisory cultures despite shared policy frameworks: the TS25 school demonstrated a multi-tiered developmental approach embedded in Professional Learning Communities, while the non-TS25 school prioritised procedural compliance. Drawing on Glickman's Developmental Supervision Model and Knowles' Adult Learning Theory, the study proposes a PDDA (Plan-Do-Develop-Analyse) framework centred on professional growth. Three contributions are advanced: the first empirical comparison of SBIS between TS25 and non-TS25 Malaysian secondary schools; a reconceptualisation of the compliance-development tension as structural rather than individual failure; and a practice-derived framework actionable within existing policy constraints. Findings carry implications for teachers, school leaders, and policymakers seeking to move supervision beyond compliance toward dynamic, teacher-centred practice.

Exploring Staff’s Perceptions of Ethical Leadership Among Department Heads in Sabah, Malaysia: A Quantitative Study

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

Ethical leadership enables PHEIs to build trust and credibility by creating a foundation of respect, credence, and assurance amongst staff, stakeholders, and the community. Further, it promotes a fair, transparent, and supportive environment that increases job satisfaction, making employees more motivated and more likely to stay. Underscoring compliance and ethical behavior, it minimizes risks of scandals, legal problems, and reputational damage. Additionally, it promotes long-term sustainability, ensuring that PHEIs practice ethical, values-driven decision-making that makes them more resilient, equitable, and diverse. The purpose of this study was to examine staff’s perceptions of ethical leadership in Sabah, Malaysia. The sample consisted of 57 administrative and teaching staff from two PHEIs in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, who were asked to complete the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire on Google Forms. Responses were subsequently transferred onto a spreadsheet, and SPSS 29.0 was used to analyze the data. First, ANOVA results revealed no significant age or gender differences in perceived ethical leadership among staff. Second, Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed that all 10 ethical leadership items were significantly different (p < .001) from the hypothesized value of 3.5, indicating strong disagreement. Third, percentages of agreement indicated that only low proportions of PHEI staff tend to strongly agree/agree that their department heads practice ethical leadership. In light of the findings, some recommendations were made on ways that PHEIs could incorporate ethical leadership elements in their day-to-day management.

The Maternal Time-Squeeze: A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers’ Perception of Time Poverty and Maternity Rights in the Maldives

2026-04-30T18:16:16+08:00

Time poverty, which is often described experiencing a lack of sufficient time to fulfil responsibilities or engage in activities that contributing to person wellbeing, is globally explored however the specific intersection of maternity rights and time poverty within small island states (SIDS) remains understudied. This study provides a critical evaluation of the Maldivian legislative framework, specifically the Employment Act (Act No. 2/2008), intended to alleviate time poverty through mandated maternity and childcare leave. Drawing on semi-structured interviews regarding the lived experience of eight working mothers in Malé City and Addu City, this study identifies 3 key themes that negatively impact the lived realities of working mothers in the Maldives: institutional disparities, physical infrastructures, and cultural norms. This study contributes to the limited socio-legal research in SIDS, especially in the Maldivian context, by demonstrating how geographic and systemic constraints render formal maternity rights difficult to realize in practice. These findings have implications for policy reform, suggesting that substantive relief from time poverty requires a shift from performative legislation toward systemic changes.

Representations of Resilience in Novels by Minangkabau Authors: A Comparative Analysis

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Resilience is a topic that is of growing importance. It is a science that analyzes the way on how to manage stressful and challenging situations. In this article, the researchers look at two famous Indonesian novels, namely Sengsara Membawa Nikmat (Sufferings leads to blessing) and Terusir (Expelled). In both novels, the two main protagonists face major challenges that affect their well-being. They have to be resilient to avoid being overwhelmed by the situation. A structuralist approach was used to analyze the patterns of resilience. It was detected that the two major protagonists use different strategies to cope with difficult situations. One reason was the gender-specific backgrounds of the major figures. This research also argues that novels can contribute to the field of resilience studies by providing vivid examples. Further research on the reading experience could offer additional insights.

Bridging Property Right Theory, Corrective Justice Theory and Institutional Theory to Enhance Land Registration System

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

The digitalization of land registration aims at modernising and enhancing the performance of government services with a comprehensive, user friendly, secure and trustworthy system. However, section 340 of the National Land Code remains to pose an unjust fortune for an innocent land owner in a matter of land dispute with an innocent subsequent purchaser with valuable consideration. A depth analysis of property right theory, corrective justice theory and institutional theory will be conducted to lay down the justification and rational of improvement needed to address the abovementioned issue: this becomes the sole objective of this research. From the doctrinal method employed throughout this study, the result demonstrated that the combination of these three theories allows for positive enhancement of the land registration system. Integrating property right theory and corrective justice theory set the foundation to ameliorate the aspect of compensation and enforcement mechanism while the institutional theory necessitates upgrading the overall governance of the land registration system by strengthening the reliability of the database as well as refining the verification protocols of land registration. This paper argues that the absence of a compensation mechanism and weak institutional safeguards undermine the Torrens system. To improve title security and restore confidence in the land registration system, it proposes an integrated theoretical framework.

From Policy to Classroom: The Implementation of Aesthetic Assistance Projects in Underdeveloped Areas of China

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Since 2019, China has promoted aesthetic education assistance projects to reduce the gap in aesthetic education between developed and underdeveloped areas. This study uses Actor-Network Theory as a framework to explore how aesthetic education assistance policies were translated from design to practice in underdeveloped areas of Guangdong Province. Based on interviews with 27 policy actors and text analysis, the study found that policy implementation is not a top-down process. Instead, it involves negotiation and re-creation by multiple actors under conditions of limited information. Local teachers and volunteer college students showed creativity despite limited resources. They adapted classroom activities and integrated local culture into their teaching. In this way, they connected policy goals with local experiences. At the same time, emotion played a bridging role in policy practice. It promoted understanding and connection, and gave the policy new social meaning. The study points out that the sustainable development of aesthetic education assistance depends on collaboration between different systems and a deeper understanding of culture. This study enriches theoretical discussions on education policy localization and practice translation. It also provides empirical references for education governance in underdeveloped areas.

Salary Gaps and Commercial Credit Financing in Chinese-Listed Firms: Roles of Ownership and Performance

2026-04-30T18:54:59+08:00

Efficient access to financing is crucial for corporate sustainability, yet internal governance’s impact on commercial credit financing remains underexplored in emerging markets. This study employed secondary data to investigate the influence of salary gaps on commercial credit financing and firm performance using a seven-year panel dataset of A-share listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2014 to 2020. The study examines the effect of executive salary gaps on commercial credit financing, considering the mediating role of financing performance and the moderating effect of ownership structure. Panel regression analysis, bootstrap mediation testing, propensity score matching (PSM), and two-stage least squares (2SLS) were applied to ensure robustness and address endogeneity. Findings reveal that salary gaps significantly affect commercial credit financing. Moderate pay differentials improve financing capacity, whereas excessive disparities weaken financing outcomes. Financing performance, measured by return on equity, partially mediates the relationship, suggesting that compensation structures influence financing through their effect on firm profitability. Ownership structure moderates the relationship, with stronger effects observed in private and mixed-ownership firms than in state-owned enterprises. Robustness tests confirm the stability of the findings. The study highlights the importance of balanced compensation design, effective governance, and diversified financing channels in improving financing efficiency, and provides implications for corporate management and financing policy in emerging markets.

Mindfulness, Emotional Intelligence, Trust, and Leadership Self‑Efficacy in Enhancing Leadership Effectiveness: An Updated Conceptual Analysis

2026-04-24T16:14:31+08:00

Leadership effectiveness is a critical determinant of organisational success, particularly in the dynamic electronic manufacturing sector. This updated conceptual article revisits the roles of mindfulness, emotional intelligence (EI), trust and leadership self‑efficacy (LSE) in shaping effective leadership. In addition to synthesising the classical literature, we incorporate recent evidence from 2023–2025 that provides new insight into mindful leadership, the continuing relevance of EI, the importance of trust in periods of disruption and the evolving understanding of LSE. A new literature review highlights how mindfulness practices cultivate attention, awareness and authenticity (Doornich & Lynch, 2024), how emotionally intelligent leaders improve business results and team attitudes (Coronado‑Maldonado & Benítez‑Márquez, 2023), how high‑trust environments help organisations adapt to change (Center for Creative Leadership, 2024) and how coaching and leadership style influence LSE (Halliwell et al., 2023; Milojević et al., 2024). We retain the original conceptual framework, emphasising LSE as a mediator between psychological constructs and leadership effectiveness, and present pilot test results confirming the reliability of the constructs. This article offers theoretical and practical guidance for leadership development in electronic manufacturing firms.

Network Topology of KLCI During the 2023 Malaysian State Elections: A Minimum Spanning Tree Approach

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

A financial network represents stocks as nodes linked by correlations, reflecting the complex and dynamic nature of stock markets. While financial network analysis has been widely used to study market behaviour during major global events, limited attention has been given to structural changes in the Malaysian equity market during domestic political episodes. This study addresses this gap by examining network topology shifts surrounding the 2023 Malaysian State Elections, a period marked by heightened political fragmentation and uncertainty. The analysis focuses on the top 30 companies of the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI. Daily closing prices are examined over a window spanning one month before and one month after the elections, from 11 July 2023 to 13 September 2023. The elections covered six states: Selangor, Kelantan, Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan, Kedah, and Penang. A minimum spanning tree approach is employed to visualise market structure, while degree centrality is used to measure the relative influence of individual stocks. The results reveal a clear regime shift driven by political sentiment. Prior to the elections, the network is highly centralised around Genting Malaysia Berhad, indicating market sensitivity to the “Green Wave” narrative and perceived regulatory risks affecting the gaming sector. Following the elections, the network rapidly reverts to a fundamentals-driven structure centered on major banking stocks, particularly CIMB and RHB Bank, reflecting a return to conventional macroeconomic considerations.

Reviewing Research Trends in Performance Measurement Systems: A 40-Year Bibliometric Study

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

This study traces the evolution of Performance Measurement System research over the past four decades through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Drawing on 1,903 publications indexed in Scopus between 1983 and 2023, the analysis integrates citation metrics, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence mapping using VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and the Bibliometrix R package. The findings reveal publication trends, influential authors and sources, and the intellectual structures underpinning PMS scholarship. Results highlight the transition from financial indicators to multidimensional frameworks, the rise of supply chain and innovation-focused studies, and the growing influence of digitalization and sustainability themes. By combining performance metrics with thematic evolution and collaboration patterns, this study offers a holistic overview that extends prior bibliometric works. Practically, it provides researchers, institutions, and policymakers with evidence-based insights to guide strategic decision-making, foster collaboration, and identify emerging directions in PMS research. This work contributes to the literature by clarifying the intellectual trajectory of PMS studies and outlining pathways for future inquiry in the digital era.

Analisis Jurang Metodologi Konservasi Labu Sayong Sorotan Literatur Sistematik

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Kajian Sorotan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesenjangan penyelidikan yang wujud dalam literatur akademik mengenai Tembikar Labu Sayong, terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan konservasi dan pendekatan pengembalian semula. Labu Sayong diiktiraf sebagai Objek Warisan Kebangsaan dan memerlukan penyelesaian metodologi konservasi yang berasaskan bukti. Menggunakan kerangka PICo (Population, Interest, Context) yang diadaptasi untuk kajian kualitatif terdapat 107 artikel dikenal pasti, dan selepas proses saringan ketat PRISMA, 17 artikel primer telah dirangkum dan dianalisis. Penemuan utama menunjukkan bahawa walaupun terdapat liputan yang kukuh mengenai aspek estetika, sejarah, dan inovasi teknik, terdapat kekurangan kritikal dalam protokol konservasi fizikal yang beretika, data keserasian bahan (material compatibility), dan pemindahan ilmu konservasi secara formal. Kelompongan ini merumuskan keperluan mendesak untuk membina Garis Panduan Metodologi (Kerangka PICo) bagi intervensi pengembalian semula Labu Sayong yang mengutamakan keaslian estetika dan kestabilan fizikal jangka panjang.

From Heritage to Modernity: Transformations in Contemporary Jordan Mosques Architecture in the 21st Century

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

The history of Islamic architecture in Jordan is characterized by its influence from heritage of traditional Islamic architecture, in which architects at the beginning of Islam distinguished themselves by building mosques with a set of emphasized elements, the foundations of which are based on the oneness of God (monotheism), and all Ornamentations are inspired by the characteristics of the Holy Quran. This was based on the views of a group of philosophers, including Ibn Sina, Al-Faruqi, Ibn Arabi, Al-Ghazali, and Al-Farabi. This style remained followed for many decades, until change began with the scarcity of professional architects and engravers and the high cost of construction, and changes in the nature of the environment and raw materials. until construction and decoration turned to the contemporary with the use of all modern technology. And the development of new methods for creating materials resistant to effects of time and humidity. This study focuses on the visual transformation in use of elements and Ornaments in 21st century, and with visual analysis and a comparative case study of two mosques in Jordan, traditional Grand Husseini Mosque, and modern Al-Hamshari Mosque, which proves that Islamic construction and Ornaments has turned into an explicit form that cares about modern aesthetics instead of using the old familiar elements and decorations. The study revealed that Ornament decorations and elements retain the spiritual meaning and the relationship to Creator and monotheism, and translate a modern aesthetic viewpoint that mimics developments in form and content in a smooth and easy way.

Examining the effect of Digital Literacy on Technology Integration: Evidence from Chinese Private Universities

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Digital technologies are increasingly reshaping teaching practices in higher education institutions. Nevertheless, many private universities in China, particularly those located in Shandong Province, still faces difficulties when incorporating digital technologies into teaching. These challenges often related to limited institutional resources and insufficient digital competencies among teachers. In such a context, understanding how teachers’ digital capabilities support technology integration becomes increasingly important. This research focuses on the role of teachers’ digital literacy in facilitating technology integration in private universities in Shandong Province, China. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from 423 teachers using structured questionnaires adapted from the Digital Literacy Skills Scale (DLSS) and the Teacher Technology Integration Survey (TTIS). The dataset was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the SmartPLS software. The results suggest that teachers reported moderate levels of digital literacy as well as moderate levels of technology integration in their instructional practices. Structural model analysis further indicates a statistically significant positive relationship between digital literacy and technology integration (β = 0.653, t = 23.938, p < 0.001). Digital literacy accounted for 42.6% of the variance in teachers’ technology integration behaviour. The results point to the need to further strengthen teachers’ digital competencies through targeted professional development and institutional support in order to promote more effective technology integration in private higher education institutions.

Housing Inequalities: A Recent Systematic Review of Global Challenges and Solutions in Addressing Poverty

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Housing inequalities remain a persistent global challenge, significantly exacerbating poverty and limiting access to fundamental human rights. This systematic literature review explores the recent global challenges and solutions in addressing housing inequalities, focusing on their intersections with poverty. Utilizing the PRISMA methodology, we conducted an advanced search using Scopus and Web of Science databases to ensure comprehensive and high-quality coverage of relevant literature. After screening and eligibility assessments, 35 primary studies were identified and analyzed. The findings were divided into three themes which are (1) housing and structural inequalities, (2) housing as a social and economic Tool, (3) housing and accessibility Challenges. In order to lessen housing disparities and poverty, this review highlights the significance of inclusive housing policies, community-led projects, and creative funding methods. Furthermore, it became clear that sustainable techniques and interdisciplinary partnerships were essential to attaining fair housing results. In addition to pointing out important knowledge gaps, this review also urges further study on regional differences and how housing disparity is impacted by climate change. This study offers practical insights for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers seeking to develop sustainable and equitable housing solutions by combining global viewpoints.

Perception of Generation Z on the Credibility of Instagram Influencers: A Case Study on Students’ Purchase Intention

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

The purpose of this research is to examine Generation Z students’ perception of Instagram influencers’ credibility and their influence on purchase intention in a private university in Malaysia. The research was based on the Stimulus Organisms Response theory. The research employed a quantitative research method using a cross-sectional survey. The data was collected from 203 Generation Z students, aged between 18 and 25, using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to measure three variables, perception of influencers, influencers’ credibility, and purchase intention. The reliability tests showed a high level of reliability for all variables, as indicated by a value of 0.966 for perception, 0.949 for credibility, and 0.898 for purchase intention. The results showed moderately low levels of evaluation of influencers, as indicated by a mean value of 2.35 for perception of influencers and credibility, and a lower value of 1.98 for purchase intention. Although 72.9% of Generation Z students reported having bought products advertised by influencers, 54.7% of them reported being dissatisfied, and 56.8% reported that they would not buy again. The Pearson correlation results showed a strong positive relationship between purchase intention and credibility, as indicated by a value of 0.833 (<.001), and perception, indicated by a value of 0.849 (<.001). The regression results showed that credibility explained 69.4% of purchase intention, and perception explained 72.1%. The research confirms that Generation Z students’ perception of influencers’ credibility is a significant predictor of purchase intention.

The Dekonstruksi Bangsa dan Identiti Budaya dalam Novel Sejarah Cinta Natrah: Analisis Pascakolonial terhadap Sejarah dan Memori Kolektif

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Kajian ini menganalisis dekonstruksi bangsa dan pembinaan identiti budaya dalam novel sejarah Cinta Natrah karya Nazri Hussein menerusi kerangka teori pascakolonial. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk menilai keupayaan teks sastera dalam mendekonstruksi pengaruh kolonialisme Barat terhadap sejarah sosial Tanah Melayu, khususnya berkaitan kedaulatan identiti Melayu-Islam. Dengan menerapkan kaedah analisis teks secara kualitatif, penelitian ini meneliti representasi watak Natrah (Maria Hertogh) bukan sekadar sebagai individu, malah sebagai simbol pertembungan antara kuasa imperialis dengan maruah budaya tempatan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengarang memanfaatkan naratif fiksyen sejarah untuk mencabar hegemoni undang-undang dan wacana kolonial yang pernah mendominasi tafsiran sejarah peristiwa tersebut. Melalui pembinaan watak dan konflik sosial, novel ini memperlihatkan kewujudan “ruang ketiga” yang menggambarkan proses perundingan identiti bersifat hibrid dalam masyarakat pascakolonial. Selain itu, karya ini turut menonjolkan kebangkitan nasionalisme yang berakar daripada sentimen agama dan solidariti komuniti Melayu terhadap dominasi British. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengembangan kritikan sastera pascakolonial di Malaysia dengan menegaskan peranan sastera kreatif sebagai medium penting dalam merakam semula sejarah bangsa dari perspektif tempatan (pribumi) serta mencabar naratif orientalisme.

Memartabatkan Epistemologi Peribumi: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik Terhadap Pengintegrasian Elemen Budaya dalam Pembelajaran Matematik Orang Asli

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Kepelbagaian budaya yang rencam di Malaysia mahupun di peringkat global telah menuntut pengaplikasian pendekatan etnomatematik iaitu satu strategi pedagogi yang mengintegrasikan elemen budaya masyarakat ke dalam pembelajaran Matematik formal. Pendekatan ini secara strategik membantu murid memvisualisasikan konsep Matematik yang abstrak kepada bentuk konkrit yang lebih nyata. Walau bagaimanapun, melalui Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) yang telah dijalankan, pengkaji mengenal pasti wujudnya jurang metodologi yang ketara dalam literatur sedia ada. Majoriti kajian lepas didapati lebih cenderung menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kaedah campuran bagi mengenal pasti elemen budaya namun masih kekurangan pendekatan kuantitatif yang mampu memberikan bukti numerik terhadap keberkesanan pengintegrasian tersebut. Di Malaysia, fokus penyelidikan terhadap komuniti Orang Asli didapati masih terhad dan terpinggir daripada arus perdana sekali gus menyebabkan objektif pendidikan inklusif sukar dicapai. Ketiadaan dokumentasi yang tuntas terhadap elemen unik bagi sub-etnik Orang Asli bukan sahaja menyukarkan proses pengenalpastian elemen budaya malah mengehadkan bukti jelas terhadap keberkesanan pengintegrasian etnomatematik dalam kalangan masyarakat tersebut. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan memeta penyelidikan semasa serta mengenal pasti bentuk-bentuk intervensi yang berpotensi dan menyediakan asas dokumentasi bagi memartabatkan pengetahuan budaya masyarakat Orang Asli dalam sistem pendidikan kebangsaan selari dengan prinsip keadilan pendidikan global.

Comparing Blended and Face-to-Face Collaborative Learning in EFL Argumentative Writing

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

This study examines the effects of an integrated collaborative approach combining dialogic argumentation and collaborative writing on EFL students’ argumentative writing in blended and face-to-face learning environments. A total of 120 EFL undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either a blended or a face-to-face condition and participated in a ten-session intervention involving structured dialogic argumentation followed by collaborative writing tasks. Students’ writing was assessed through pre- and post-tests in terms of argumentation quality (claims, counterarguments, and rebuttals) and language use, including syntactic complexity, grammatical accuracy, and fluency. The results showed that EFL students in the blended learning group made significant improvements in both argumentation quality and all aspects of language use. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two instructional environments in overall argumentation quality or most language measures, except for dependent clauses per clause, where the face-to-face group performed better. These findings suggest that both blended and face-to-face environments can effectively support EFL students’ argumentative writing development, although their effects may differ across specific aspects of language use.

Distributed Leadership and Transformational Leadership in Higher Education: Global Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

The study focuses on the role of Transformational Leadership (TL) practices and Distributive Leadership (DL) practices on Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). The objectives of the study are to understand the global trends, challenges associated with the leadership practices and opportunities for TL and DL practices in HEIs. A Systematic Literature Review has been conducted after inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis of 16 sources has helped in understanding the importance of Vision-centric leadership practices for academic institutions so that the leaders are aware of the changes that can be adopted for higher educational standards. However, changing dynamics and ambiguity can create issues in leadership practices. TL and DL practices offer various opportunities in the form of innovation, sustainability, collaborative working and organisational commitment through knowledge sharing in HEIs. This study suggests that university leaders and policymakers should adopt an integrated leadership approach that combines visionary transformation with collaborative governance to enhance institutional performance and adaptability.

Pendekatan Pembelajaran Aktif Menggunakan Quizizz terhadap Motivasi Murid SKM dalam Penguasaan Kosa Kata

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Motivasi memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa, khususnya dalam pembelajaran kosa kata dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Namun begitu, tahap motivasi yang rendah dalam kalangan murid di Sekolah Kurang Murid (SKM) boleh menjejaskan penglibatan aktif dalam pembelajaran serta pencapaian akademik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesan penggunaan aplikasi Quizizz sebagai strategi pembelajaran aktif berasaskan digital terhadap motivasi dan penguasaan kosa kata murid SKM. Kajian kuasi-eksperimen ini dijalankan di sebuah SKM luar bandar di daerah Kulim Bandar Baharu, Kedah dengan melibatkan enam orang murid. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal selidik motivasi yang diadaptasi daripada Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (CAIMI) serta ujian pra dan pasca kosa kata. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan ujian-t sampel berpasangan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan dalam motivasi dan penguasaan kosa kata selepas intervensi penggunaan Quizizz. Peningkatan penguasaan kosa kata adalah signifikan secara statistik, manakala motivasi turut menunjukkan peningkatan selepas intervensi. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa penggunaan Quizizz berpotensi sebagai strategi pembelajaran aktif yang berkesan dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan penguasaan kosa kata murid SKM.

The Effectiveness of Peer Learning on Malay Affixes MeN-kan Among Chinese National-Type Primary Students

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the peer teaching strategy (peer learning) in improving the mastery of Malay verb affixation meN-kan among Year Five students of Chinese National-Type Primary Schools. A quantitative design was used in this study. Data was collected using an experimental method. The study sample consisted of 224 Year Five students from Chinese National-Type Primary Schools in South Seberang Perai. The sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group underwent intervention with the peer teaching strategy. The instruments used in this study were pre-tests and post-tests. Test data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, namely mean, median and mode to determine the probability of the sample representing the total student population. The findings of this study prove the effectiveness of the peer teaching strategy in improving the mastery of Malay verb affixation, specifically meN-kan. The most common error made by the experimental group in the pre-test was the meN-kan affix, accounting for 31%. The errors made by the experimental group in the post-test decreased to 22%. In conclusion, the use of effective teaching techniques not only attracts students' interest in learning Malay verb affixation but also improves their mastery of Malay affixation Click or tap here to enter text.

Economic Feasibility of Energy Storage for Solar Energy at Universiti Teknologi Mara Kampus Jengka

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Public universities in Malaysia have increasingly adopted solar photovoltaic systems as part of their sustainability and cost-saving strategies. At Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Jengka, the rooftop solar installation contributes to lower electricity bills but operates without any form of energy storage. This limits its ability to manage fluctuations in energy supply and demand, especially during periods when solar generation is low. Without storage, excess electricity is exported to the grid while the campus still relies on grid electricity at night or during cloudy days. This raises an important question: can the addition of energy storage improve the economic performance of the system? This study conducts an economic feasibility assessment using actual electricity consumption data, solar production patterns, energy storage cost trends, and tariff structures. Economic indicators such as return on investment, internal rate of return, and payback period are calculated to evaluate the impact of energy storage. The results show that integrating a properly sized energy storage system leads to higher cost savings compared to operating the solar system alone. The findings suggest that energy storage is a viable strategy for improving energy self-sufficiency and reducing long-term operational costs for the university.

Pengintegrasian Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Pengajaran Sains untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran 4C Murid Sekolah Rendah

2026-04-24T16:14:30+08:00

Pengintegrasian Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam pendidikan sekolah rendah semakin mendapat perhatian kerana potensinya untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaran, serta membangunkan kemahiran abad ke-21. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengintegrasian AI dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains di sekolah rendah di Malaysia, dengan fokus kepada kesannya terhadap pembangunan kemahiran 4C, iaitu pemikiran kritikal, komunikasi, kolaborasi dan kreativiti dalam kalangan murid. Menggunakan reka bentuk kaedah campuran, kajian ini melibatkan pengumpulan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai pelaksanaan AI dalam bilik darjah Sains. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui soal selidik yang melibatkan 150 murid sekolah rendah dari sekolah bandar dan luar bandar, manakala data kualitatif diperoleh melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dengan 10 guru Sains. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menilai penggunaan AI dan persepsi murid terhadap kemahiran 4C, manakala analisis tematik meneliti pengalaman guru, cabaran, kesiapsiagaan dan isu etika dalam penggunaan AI. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan alat AI seperti platform pembelajaran adaptif dan makmal maya memberi kesan positif terhadap kemahiran 4C, dengan pemikiran kritikal dan kolaborasi mencatatkan skor tertinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, cabaran seperti jurang infrastruktur digital, keperluan latihan guru dan isu etika seperti privasi data turut dikenalpasti. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pengintegrasian AI dalam pendidikan Sains berpotensi besar untuk menyokong perkembangan kemahiran 4C, dengan sokongan perancangan pedagogi yang berkesan dan infrastruktur yang mencukupi.

A Cognitive Metaphorical Approach to Studying the Literary Devices in English Anti-War Poetry after World War I

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

This research is chiefly concerned with anti-war poems in English literature written during and immediately after World War I, which gave prominence to a new group of poets whose poetic output was built on the foundation of their personal experience of fighting in World War I, with some of them dying in that war and many of their works published posthumously. This primary research utilises Cognitive Metaphor Theory to realise how specific conceptual metaphors evoke specific cognitive responses, in the context of the anti-war poems. Using Critical Metaphor Analysis, this study identifies and interprets cognitive metaphors in selected poems and their implications for the effects on the readers. Findings suggest that these poems heavily rely on shocking and repulsive metaphorical choices to deglamourise war and challenge existing romanticism about fighting in war. Repeated invocation of death, destruction, coupled with allusions towards indignity and loss of personhood, makes a strong anti-war stance. Conversely, their clever utilisation of first- and third-person verse narrative allows readers to identify with soldiers suffering on the battlefield and reflect on their own romantic notions of war, respectively. Future studies can expand on this work by bringing in other poetic works, both before and after this era, to further scholarship on this topic.

Pembangunan Glosari Bahan Kosmetik Berteraskan Al-Quran: Suatu Analisis Tafsir Tematik (Mawdu'i)

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

Industri kosmetik global kini sedang mengalami anjakan paradigma ke arah kecantikan bersih (clean beauty) dan kelestarian alam, yang mana menuntut industri kosmetik Halal beralih daripada sekadar pengesahan negatif iaitu ketiadaan derivatif babi dan alkohol kepada pematuhan konsep Halalan Tayyiban secara holistik. Namun begitu, wujud kelompangan yang ketara dalam wacana literatur Islam di mana majoriti penafsiran dalil alam lebih tertumpu kepada perubatan (dalaman) sekali gus menyukarkan industri penyelidikan dan pembangunan memiliki rujukan berpusat bagi aplikasi penjagaan topikal (luaran). Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstrak, menganalisis dan membangunkan sebuah glosari bahan kosmetik berteraskan sumber dari Al-Quran. Melalui reka bentuk kualitatif, kajian ini mengaplikasikan metodologi tafsir tematik (Mawdu'i) yang menyilangkan perbahasan ulama silam (Turath) dengan penemuan mukjizat saintifik (I'jaz Ilmi) sarjana kontemporari. Hasil analisa berjaya mengklasifikasikan 6 dimensi bahan kosmetologi utama iaitu buah-buahan premium, sayur-sayuran ruji, herba terapeutik, fauna dan marin, mineral bumi serta proses biokimia. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa Al-Quran membentangkan sebuah ekosistem formulasi yang sangat lengkap yang merangkumi agen pelarut, pengawet semula jadi bebas toksik, bahan aktif pembaharuan selular serta menyelesaikan perbahasan hukum modifikasi biokimia seperti penapaian (Istihalah). Kajian ini memberi implikasi besar dengan menawarkan satu piawaian positif yang menyokong penghasilan inovasi kosmetik hijau berteraskan wahyu ilahi.

Kompetensi dan Kepercayaan Sosial Emosi Guru dalam Integrasi Aktiviti Pembelajaran Sosial Emosi

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

Kesejahteraan sosial dan emosi murid sekolah rendah semakin mendapat perhatian dalam konteks pendidikan, namun pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Sosial dan Emosi (SEL) masih belum konsisten dan banyak bergantung kepada faktor guru. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap kompetensi SEL guru, kepercayaan guru terhadap SEL dan integrasi aktiviti SEL dalam pengajaran, serta meneliti hubungan antara kompetensi dan kepercayaan guru terhadap tahap integrasi aktiviti SEL. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan korelasi dengan pengumpulan data melalui soal selidik. Seramai 100 orang guru sekolah rendah di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) Daerah Yan, Kedah dipilih sebagai responden melalui persampelan rawak mudah. Instrumen kajian diadaptasi daripada Educators’ Socio-Emotional Learning Questionnaire (EduSEL), Assessing Teachers’ Beliefs about SEL dan Self-Assessing Social and Emotional Instruction and Competencies Tool. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan menunjukkan skor kompetensi SEL guru (M = 3.74, SP = 0.60), kepercayaan guru terhadap SEL (M = 3.74, SP = 0.66) dan integrasi aktiviti SEL (M = 3.93, SP = 0.69). Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungan kuat dan signifikan antara kompetensi SEL guru dengan integrasi aktiviti SEL (r = 0.808, p < 0.001) serta antara kepercayaan guru terhadap SEL dengan integrasi aktiviti SEL (r = 0.802, p < 0.001). Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa dalam konteks SJKC, integrasi SEL dipengaruhi oleh tahap kompetensi sosial emosi dan kepercayaan profesional guru. Penemuan ini menyumbang kepada literatur dengan mengukuhkan bukti empirikal tentang peranan faktor dalaman guru dalam pelaksanaan SEL serta mengisi jurang kajian berkaitan hubungan kedua-dua faktor tersebut dalam konteks sekolah rendah.

Lakuan Bahasa Membuat Aduan dalam Masyarakat Cocos di Sabah

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

Tujuan kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk melihat lakuan bahasa yang dibawa oleh masyarakat Cocos di Sabah dalam membuat aduan atau rungutan. Masyarakat Cocos ini mempunyai gaya pengucapan yang agak kasar oleh sesetengah pihak tapi mempunyai makna yang ingin disampaikan. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik Tugas Penyempurnaan Wacana (TPW) bagi mendapatkan data. Namun kaedah TPW diubahsuai untuk mendapatkan data secara lisan, iaitu dengan cara bertanyakan soalan dan merakam jawapan responden. Seramai 12 orang masyarakat Cocos di Sabah telah ditemu bual yang berumur 20 tahun Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan kerangka konsep yang diperkenalkan oleh Murphy dan Neu (1996). Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Cocos menggunakan kesemua set lakuan bahasa membuat aduan yang diperkenalkan oleh Murphy dan Neu (1996) dalam ujaran aduan yang mereka ujarkan. Hasil kajian ini juga turut menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Cocos banyak menggunakan strategi aduan dan kurang menggunakan strategi amaran dan meminta penjelasan dalam membuat aduan. Tambahan, hasil dapatan turut menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Cocos ini cenderung membuat aduan secara langsung disebabkan oleh hubungan yang erat antara satu sama lain tetapi masih mengekalkan kesejahteraan hubungan sesama mereka (Stephan et al., 2010). Kajian seperti ini amatlah penting untuk memperkenalkan kepada masyarakat lain mengenai perbezaan atau keistimewaan sesebuah kaum atau etnik yang terdapat di Malaysia dalam membuat aduan.

Pembinaan Bangsa Masyarakat Majmuk: Diskursif Kritis Buku Kepelbagaian dalam Bingkai Kesatuan - Siddiq Fadzil

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

Wacana perdebatan mengenai konsep dan pembinaan bangsa dalam kalangan masyarakat pluralistik di Malaysia merupakan suatu tema perbahasan yang signifikan dalam wacana kenegaraan. Buku “Pembinaan Bangsa: Kepelbagaian dalam Bingkai Kesatuan” tulisan Siddiq Fadzil terbitan Institut Darul Ehsan (iDE) menawarkan satu perspektif dan kerangka pemikiran yang mementingkan soal pengurusan kepelbagaian sebagai asas dalam pembentukan identiti kebangsaan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas secara analitis buku tersebut dengan meneliti secara mendalam dari konteks kerangka teori dan konseptual, pendekatan analisis hujahan utama kandungan, serta sumbangan dan relevansi buku tersebut terhadap realiti sosial dan politik serta wacana idea pembinaan bangsa dalam konteks masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia. Ulasan kritis buku ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis teks dan interpretasi kritikal, di mana ulasan artikel ini menilai bagaimana penulis mampu mengemukakan konsep kesatuan dalam kepelbagaian sebagai tunjang utama integrasi sosial dan politik. Artikel ini bersifat mengulas dan membincangkan kekuatan buku ini dari konteks pemikiran normatif dan sumbangan intelektualnya terhadap wacana kewarganegaraan inklusif. Namun demikian, artikel ini turut membincangkan kelemahan akan hujah-hujah yang mampu diperkukuhkan lagi melalui analisis empirikal yang lebih mendalam terutamanya dalam soal cabaran praktikal pembinaan bangsa dalam masyarakat majmuk. Secara keseluruhanya, buku ini merupakan satu sumbangan yang penting dalam memahami hubungan antara identiti, kewarganegaraan, dan perpaduan nasional dalam konteks Malaysia majmuk kontemporari pasca global.

A Triangulated Inquiry into Computational Design Integration: proposing a Framework for Design Education Reform

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

Architectural education in Pakistan is currently undergoing a pedagogical transformation that mirrors broader shifts in higher education across the Global South. This study explores how design learning is evolving from traditional, hand-based teaching toward digitally supported and process-oriented pedagogies. Using a Methodological Triangulation, a mixed-method approach, data were collected through three different methodologies, including a Google questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with faculty and students from architecture schools in Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad, and a questionnaire with students after the studio conducted during the fall of 2023 at the Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore. Thematic coding in NVivo yielded five interrelated domains: student learning, studio methodology, learning environment, teaching culture, and technology integration, through which the study maps critical transitions in educational practice. Findings reveal a complex landscape in which students advocate for experimentation, collaboration, and digital literacy, while many educators remain aligned with hierarchical and analog studio traditions. The gradual introduction of Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) has enhanced reflective thinking and interdisciplinary learning but has also exposed systemic gaps in curriculum design, institutional readiness, and teacher development. By situating these findings within contemporary discourses on digital pedagogy and decolonizing education, the study proposes a hybrid framework that links technological competence with contextual sensitivity and how digital adoption reshapes both cognitive and institutional dimensions of design education.

A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Barrier-Free Visual Communication Design in Elderly-Friendly Pharmaceutical Packaging

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

The demand for age-friendly pharmaceutical packaging designs has increased due to global aging, but current packaging fails to accommodate the reduction in visual acuity and cognitive processing in aged individuals. This paper explores how the design elements influence the safety and adherence of medication among Chinese elderlies and develop design guidelines for barrier-free pharmaceutical packaging. Sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was applied. Phase I: A total of 12 experts, recruited through purposive sampling underwent semi-structured interviews. Phase II: Region-stratified random sampling was applied in 480 adults above 60 years from three Chinese provinces. All participants completed experimental tasks related to medication package prototypes with varying font sizes and color contrasts. Data analyses involved thematic analysis using NVivo 14 and quantitative methods such as two-way ANOVA and ordinal logistic regression using SPSS 29. Five themes emerged in the qualitative analysis, including the following: (1) visual clarity as a prerequisite for safety, (2) typography appropriate for age, (3) intuitive color-coding systems, (4) simplified information hierarchy, and (5) culturally sensitive design considerations. In quantitative tests, significant main effects of font size (F(2,477) = 45.67, p < .001, η2 = 0.16) and color contrast (F(1,477) = 38.92, p < .001, η2 = 0.08) on reading time and error rates were reported. The integrated analysis resulted in six priorities for design features that improve usability and medication adherence intentions. The study provides an evidence-based framework for designing barrier-free pharmaceutical packaging specific to elderly users' needs and provides practical implications to pharmaceutical manufacturers and their regulatory bodies.

Cultural Sustainability with Ceramic Art: Reimagining Chaozhou Ceramic Art in Global Creative Practices

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

The research examines Chaozhou ceramic traditions—particularly painted coloured porcelain and the distinct architectural craft qianci (porcelain inlay)—as examples of cultural sustainability within the shifting context of global creative economies. Using cultural capital and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) as framing devices, the study adopted a systematised narrative review (PRISMA 2020 standards) to gather literature (n = 30), alongside comparisons with Jingdezhen (China) and Kyō/Kiyomizu‑yaki ceramics (Kyoto, Japan). The findings clarify that Chaozhou’s ceramic ecology comprises multiple parallel traditions that should not be conflated: (1) painted porcelain as a vessel‑based art; (2) qianci as an architectural relief craft; and (3) openwork ceramics as a sculptural lineage. The data reveal that global pressures—standardization, urban renewal, and digital market cycles—pose risks for visibility and transmission, especially for labor-intensive qianci. Comparative insights from Jingdezhen’s cluster revitalization and Kyoto’s brand governance offer lessons for Chaozhou’s sustainable development. The paper proposes strategic pathways—selective standardization, heritage‑plus product lines, narrative branding, and digital safeguarding—to support authentic innovation while maintaining cultural continuity and visibility.

Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Decision-Making in Iraqi Private Universities: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a strategic resource that is highly valuable in contemporary organisations, particularly owing to the fact that it has the capacity to hasten the speed of data analysis, predictive forecasting and evidence-based decision-making. This review aims to conduct a review of theoretical and empirical literature on the subject of AI-based strategic decision-making in Iraqi private universities, and through which a synthesised framework can be developed that outlines how the AI-related antecedents influence the strategic outcomes. The systematic literature review of Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and EBSCO was researched and utilised the publications published between 2017 and 2024 that address the issues of AI adoption, organisational readiness, technological infrastructure, leadership support, and staff competency as applied to higher education and strategic management. The review presents the evidence presented by forty-seven peer-reviewed articles and proposes a mediating framework in which Smart Technology Utilisation is the primary process that links five antecedents variables to Strategic Decision-Making Effectiveness. Seven theoretical propositions are presented, which are developed on the basis of Resource-Based View and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory. These findings have revealed that strategic value of AI in Iraqi privatised universities is not being adopted but actively and integratively used in the implementation of smart technologies. University governance, digital strategy, and leadership development are found to have practical implications. The review adds to a contextualised theoretical perspective of AI-supported strategic management in higher education in developing countries and offers a falsifiable framework to conduct empirical research in the future.

Systematic Review of Psychological, Social and Physical Outcomes of Amateur and Professional Boxing Participation

2026-04-30T20:30:23+08:00

This systematic review synthesizes global empirical evidence to examine the psychological, social, and physical outcomes associated with amateur and professional boxing participation, aiming to clarify the differentiated effects of competitive levels and structural characteristics. Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 86 eligible peer-reviewed empirical studies were included for narrative synthesis. The results reveal that structured boxing training consistently improves cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, coordination, and body composition across both amateur and professional settings, while enhancing mental toughness, resilience, self-esteem, emotional regulation, and social capital. Boxing also serves as an effective community intervention and youth development tool, especially in marginalized populations. However, distinct risk gradients exist between participation levels: professional boxers face significantly higher risks of traumatic brain injury, chronic musculoskeletal damage, and psychological distress due to longer competition duration, reduced protective equipment, commercial pressure, and career-long cumulative exposure. Amateur boxing mitigates these hazards through protective regulations but still carries non-negligible head impact and psychological stress risks. The overall evidence base is limited by high heterogeneity across study designs, a Western-centric sample distribution, and insufficient long-term longitudinal data. These findings highlight the dual nature of boxing as both a developmentally beneficial activity and a physically risky sport, emphasizing the need for level-specific policies, standardized monitoring protocols, and targeted athlete welfare strategies to balance developmental advantages with health protection.

A Systematic Review of Critical Discourse Analysis on Textbooks in China (2015-2025)

2026-05-05T20:14:54+08:00

This article conducts a systematic review of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) research on textbooks in China published between 2015 and 2025. Based on 72 studies screened through rigorous criteria, it explores the development of the field by examining publication patterns, textbook and disciplinary coverage, methodological means, theoretical trajectories, thematic and ideological configurations, and publication contexts. The findings reveal that English language textbooks obtain disproportionate attention, while STEM textbooks remain understudied. Methodologically, qualitative CDA prevails with Fairclough’s model most frequently adopted. There are additional contributions from Wodak’s and van Dijk’s approaches, multimodal discourse analysis and corpus-assisted methods. Thematically, ideology, power, nationalism, cultural representation, and pedagogy dominate, whereas neoliberalism, gender and ethnicity are marginal. Saliently, although studies in both domestic and international contexts are predominantly authored by Chinese scholars, their divergent research emphases reflect differing academic and institutional contexts rather than disparities in academic capacity.

Integrasi Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains Sekolah Menengah: Analisis Perspektif Guru

2026-04-30T20:30:22+08:00

Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka peluang dan cabaran integrasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) sains sekolah menengah daripada perspektif guru sains di Malaysia. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes. Data dikumpulkan melalui temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan lapan orang guru sains sekolah menengah yang dipilih secara pensampelan bertujuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik berdasarkan prosedur Braun dan Clarke. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa AI berpotensi menyokong pembelajaran diperibadikan, meningkatkan penglibatan murid serta membantu guru dalam pentaksiran melalui analitik pembelajaran. Walau bagaimanapun, cabaran utama yang dikenal pasti termasuk tahap kesediaan dan kompetensi guru yang berbeza, kekangan infrastruktur digital serta kebimbangan terhadap isu etika dan privasi data murid. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa keberkesanan integrasi AI dalam PdP sains bergantung kepada keseimbangan antara teknologi, pedagogi dan sokongan organisasi. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan keperluan latihan profesional berfokus, penambahbaikan infrastruktur dan pembangunan garis panduan etika bagi memastikan penggunaan AI yang berkesan dan bertanggungjawab dalam konteks sekolah menengah Malaysia.

The Effect of O2O Teaching Modules Based on Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) on Dance Students’ Imagination

2026-05-12T20:04:32+08:00

Dance education values the imaginative over and above technique; however, traditional studio teaching does not generally include systematic creativity modules. Within this context, integrating Online-to-Offline (O2O) pedagogy with Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) can aid in the development of creative abilities among dancers. A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test approach was used for the following study. An intervention was designed for a definite period. Additionally, two groups were used: control (90 students) and experimental (90 students). The results of the pre-test and post-test were analysed through statistical analysis. The results showed that there was a positive impact of such integrated classes. Specifically, high-interaction situations were observed to have been impacted by role-playing and imagination. Contrarily, similar improvements were not observed in the control group supporting the findings. The findings asserted the potential application of the integrated SEL and O2O model in dance classes for the enhancement of metacognition. In terms of metacognition, it can be recommended to develop similar classes for dance students with metacognitive reflection and the offline embodied cooperation.

Economic Interdependence as Strategic Leverage: A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Sino-Turkish Relations and Their Political Ramifications

2026-05-12T20:04:31+08:00

Sino-Turkish ties comprise of complex interlinkages unlike singular constraints that have been described in existing literature. Therefore, this study analyzes Sino-Turkish ties as a strategic interaction under asymmetric interdependence. A simple sequential game that has been interpreted in repeated form models how China adjusts the cooperation environment. Subsequently, Turkey chooses between accommodation and balancing under domestic and external constraints. The methodology of this study operationalizes capability asymmetry, Turkey’s exposure, and Turkey’s vulnerability. For this purpose, WDI data has been used to compare stances over three phases: 2017-2019, 2020-2022 and 2023. Findings suggest that there is a persistent asymmetry that creates leverage potential. However, macro vulnerability mainly sets behavioral bounds which sustains managed friction instead of a clean rupture.

A Study of Physically Disabled Employees in the Pre-Press Printing Sector

2026-05-12T20:04:32+08:00

This study examines workplace accessibility for physically disabled employees in the pre-press department of the Malaysian printing industry. Although government policies and incentives encourage the employment of people with disabilities (PWDs), their participation remains limited, primarily due to insufficient facilities and low employer awareness. The research seeks to identify the specific needs of physically disabled workers in pre-press departments. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from an online survey distributed to printing companies under the Persatuan Pengusaha Pencetakan Melayu Malaysia (PPPMM) with qualitative insights from interviews involving HR managers, expert architects, representatives from the Disability Services and Development Division, and disabled workers themselves. Findings revealed that only 4.8% of the companies surveyed employed individuals with disabilities, and only a minority provided suitable toilets, ramps, desk arrangements, or lifts. The study identified the needs of physically disabled workers for prepress departments, including minimum workspace width, ergonomic furniture, door dimensions, and accessible toilet designs. Therefore, these recommendations can remove physical barriers and improve the functionality, safety, and dignity of disabled workers. They can also contribute practical solutions for employers and policymakers to promote workplace inclusion and the participation of disabled people in the printing industry.

The Challenges of Islamic Education in The Digital Era: Islamic Education Philosophy Perspective

2026-05-12T20:04:32+08:00

Rapid transformations in the contemporary era are primarily driven by advancements in information technology, particularly the widespread emergence of the internet, which has fostered an increasingly digitalized lifestyle. While education both contributes to and benefits from this development, it simultaneously encounters significant challenges arising from its structural and contextual limitations. Within this context, Islamic education faces the urgent need to respond to the pervasive influence of digitalization without compromising its foundational spiritual and moral principles. This study aims to explore the philosophical arguments and frameworks required for Islamic education to effectively navigate the digital era, while also examining the associated challenges and opportunities. Employing a non-interactive qualitative approach within a library research framework, this study utilizes content analysis to examine relevant scholarly literature on digitalization, education, and Islamic philosophical thought. The research process involves systematic stages, including topic formulation, data collection, material organization, critical review, and synthesis of findings. The results indicate that the digital era presents both risks—such as moral degradation, value disorientation, and unequal access to technology—and opportunities, including the enhancement of learning methods, expanded access to knowledge, and the development of digital literacy. The study concludes that innovation in curriculum design, pedagogical approaches, and learning media, grounded in Islamic philosophical values, is essential to ensure that Islamic education remains adaptive, relevant, and resilient, while also positioning itself as a proactive force in utilizing digital technology for educational advancement.

Parental Support and Career Decision-Making Difficulties: A Chain Mediation Model

2026-05-12T20:04:32+08:00

ainst the backdrop of career development among Chinese college students, this study explores the influence mechanism of parental support on career decision-making difficulty, with a focus on examining the chain mediating role of positive psychological capital and general self-efficacy. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted online among 245 college students in Guangxi. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the research hypotheses. Results: (1) Parental support has a significant negative impact on career decision-making difficulty; (2) Parental support can significantly and positively predict psychological capital and general self-efficacy; (3) Both positive psychological capital and general self-efficacy can significantly and negatively predict career decision-making difficulty; (4) Positive psychological capital and general self-efficacy play a significant chain mediating role between parental support and career decision-making difficulty. Conclusion: Positive psychological capital and general self-efficacy exert a chain mediating effect in the influence of parental support on career decision-making difficulty.

The New Yangge Opera and Wartime Social Mobilization Effects: A Literature Review

2026-05-12T20:04:31+08:00

Between 1943 and 1945, the Chinese Communist Party launched a new Yangge opera movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In a rural society with an illiteracy rate exceeding 80%, disseminating revolutionary ideas became an urgent political task. This study takes Brother and Sister Reclaiming Wasteland as a case study to examine its effectiveness as a wartime mobilization tool and the mechanisms behind it. Existing studies have focused on historical significance and ideological content, neglecting its internal operational mechanism as a mobilization tool, particularly how folk musical forms achieved deep integration with revolutionary content. The study finds that the mobilizing function of the new Yangge opera did not stem from external political directives but from its deep borrowing and transformation of northern Shaanxi folk musical forms. Between 1943 and 1945, the opera was performed over 2,000 times, with a single audience reaching 20,000 people. This article argues that the success of the new Yangge opera lay in its effective integration of traditional folk forms with revolutionary content, providing a typical case for understanding how art can serve political mobilization.

Illness, Aging, And Ethical Perception: An Intersectional Feminist Reading of Age of Iron

2026-05-12T20:04:32+08:00

Age of Iron by J. M. Coetzee has often been read as a novel of political witness and ethical reflection in the context of late apartheid South Africa. While existing scholarship has emphasized its moral and political dimensions, the embodied experiences of illness and aging shaping the female protagonist, Mrs Curren, have received comparatively limited sustained attention. This article addresses this gap through an intersectional feminist reading grounded in close textual analysis. It examines how illness and aging intersect with gender to produce bodily vulnerability and social invisibility, repositioning Mrs Curren within both domestic and public spaces. The findings demonstrate that illness restricts her physical autonomy, while aging further marginalizes her social presence, confining her to the role of observer rather than participant. From this marginalized position, ethical perception emerges as a heightened moral awareness rooted in witnessing violence rather than in political action. By foregrounding embodied vulnerability and ethical perception, this study contributes to feminist interpretations of Coetzee’s fiction that attend to the intersection of gender, age, and bodily experience, highlighting the ethical significance of marginality in literary representations of oppression.

Developing Royal Malaysian Police Branding Strategy Through Public Perception: A Mixed-Method Approach

2026-05-17T05:35:40+08:00

This study focuses on the key challenges faced by the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM), specifically how public perception influences their efforts in developing a strong branding strategy. The research objectives were to i) examine the current branding approach implemented by PDRM, ii) assess public perception of police service delivery before developing a branding strategy, and iii) develop a branding strategy for PDRM to ensure that police service delivery aligns with the customer charter. Based on Aaker, service quality, and organisational identity branding theories, a mixed-method research design, comprising quantitative and qualitative phases, was applied in this study. The samples comprised 400 members of the public, 20 PDRM officers and 10 expert reviewers, including academics, NGO representatives, and communication professionals. Data collection entailed a self-administered survey and structured interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. Meanwhile, trends and gaps in PDRM’s branding efforts and the proposed branding strategies were identified via qualitative analyses. The findings revealed several important insights. Urban communities emphasise the need for efficient digital communication and transparency in PDRM’s operations, while rural communities tend to evaluate police services based on interpersonal relationships and police presence within their communities. The proposed branding strategies include enhancing the use of social media to deliver clear and consistent messaging, strengthening community engagement initiatives, and improving police officer training in interpersonal communication. This proposed branding model may help PDRM enhance public trust and cooperation, thereby supporting the institution’s branding objectives in alignment with its customer charter.