The Application of Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) in the Development of Fun-Driven Mobile Learning (FDML) Model for Teaching of Arithmetic in Saudi Schools
Keywords:
Fuzzy Delphi Method, mobile learning, learning with fun, game-based learning
Abstract
One of the methods used in Design and Development Research (DDR) is the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). It is a systematic method for the development and validation of the model. This article aims to use this method to validate a Fun-Driven Mobile Learning (FDML) Model for Teaching Arithmetic. In phase 1 of design and development research, based on the opinion of teachers as subject matter experts, the need to develop the FDML model was justified. In phase 2, the model developed, comprised of thirty-two teaching activities grouped into four clusters. This article presents results on suitability and overall usefulness of the model components derived from the collective opinion of the 15 experts involved in Phase 3 of the study. The data analysis was conducted through the fuzzy Delphi method using a 7-point Likert scale. The outcome indicates a consensus of 93.4 percent of experts at a threshold value of ≤0.02. The suggested components of the FDML model include an integral planning reference for the application of the model and provided alternative validation procedures for model developers in mathematics education and educational technology.
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References
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Alqarni, A. A. (2015). Educational technology in Saudi Arabia: A historical overview. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 3(8), 62-69.
Al-Emran, M., Mezhuyev, V., & Kamaludin, A. (2018). Technology Acceptance Model in M-learning context: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 125, 389-412.
ALzahrani, S. (2017). Saudi Mathematics Teachers' Understanding and Practices of Formative Assessment in Elementary Schools. ProQuest LLC.
Alyahya, D. M., & Alotaibi, A. M. (2019). Computational thinking skills and its impact on TIMSS achievement: An Instructional Design Approach. Issues and Trends in Learning Technologies, 7(1).
Aldahmash, A. H., Alamri, N. M., & Aljallal, M. A. (2019). Saudi Arabian science and mathematics teachers’ attitudes toward integrating STEM in teaching before and after participating in a professional development program. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1580852.
Adler, M., & Ziglio, E. (1996). Gazing into the oracle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Al-Fahad, F. N. (2009). Students’ attitudes and perceptions towards the effectiveness of mobile learning in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Online Submission, 8(2).
Alharbi, S., & Drew, S. (2014). Using the technology acceptance model in understanding academics’ behavioural intention to use learning management systems. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 5(1), 143–155.
Alsuwidan, S. I. (2018). The Teacher Perspective on Integrating Technology into Their Early Childhood Classrooms in Saudi Arabia. ProQuest LLC.
Chan, K. K. W., & Kong, S. C. (2011). Process Writing: an online collaborative writing environment for primary school students.
Chang, K.-E., Wu, L.-J., Weng, S.-E., & Sung, Y.-T. (2012). Embedding game-based problem-solving phase into problem-posing system for mathematics learning. Computers & Education, 58(2), 775–786.
Delbecq, A. L., Van de Ven, A. H., & Gustafson, D. H. (1975). Group techniques for program planning: A guide to nominal group and Delphi processes. Scott, Foresman,.
Ellis, K., Stam, K., & Lizardi, R. (2019). Enhancing Community and Creating Unity Using a Mobile Application (Doctoral dissertation, SUNY Polytechnic Institute).
Gustafson, D. H., Delbecq, A. L., Hansen, M., & Myers, R. F. (1975). Design of a health policy research and development system for Wisconsin. Inquiry, 12(3), 251-262.
Huang, Y. L., Chang, D. F., & Wu, B. (2017). Mobile game-based learning with a Mobile app: Motivational effects and learning performance. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, 21(6), 963-970.
Jusoh, N., Salam, R. A., & Sayuti, M. N. S. M. (2012). Color Image Enhancement using Contrast Stretching on a Mobile Device. Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, 1(3).
Ke, F. (2008a). Alternative goal structures for computer game-based learning. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 3(4), 429.
Ke, F. (2008b). Computer games application within alternative classroom goal structures: cognitive, metacognitive, and affective evaluation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(5–6), 539–556.
Mansour Alabdulaziz, P., & Higgins, S. (2017). Understanding Technology Use and Constructivist Strategies when Addressing Saudi Primary Students' Mathematics Difficulties.
Mohamad, S. N. A., Embi, M. A., & Nordin, N. M. (2015). Are students ready to adopt E-Portfolio? Social science and humanities context. Asian Social Science, 11(13), 269.
Mason, J., Burton, L., & Stacey, K. (2011). Thinking mathematically. Pearson Higher Ed.
Morsanyi, K., Prado, J., & Richland, L. E. (2018). The role of reasoning in mathematical thinking. Thinking & Reasoning, 24(2), 129–137.
Naik, N. (2014, October). A comparative evaluation of game-based learning: Digital or non-digital games?. In European Conference on Games Based Learning (Vol. 2, p. 437). Academic Conferences International Limited.
Ozuorcun, N. C., & Tabak, F. (2012). Is m-learning versus e-learning or are they supporting each other?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 299-305.
Park, Y. (2011). A pedagogical framework for mobile learning: Categorizing educational applications of mobile technologies into four types. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(2), 78-102.
Prensky, M. (2001). Fun, play and games: What makes games engaging. Digital Game-Based Learning, 5(1), 5–31.
Saido, G. A. M., Siraj, S., Dewitt, D., & Al-Amedy, O. S. (2018). Development of an instructional model for higher order thinking in science among secondary school students:
Squire, K., & Dikkers, S. (2012). Amplifications of learning: Use of mobile media devices among youth. Convergence, 18(4), 445–464.
Taylor, R. E., & Judd, L. L. (1989). Delphi method applied to tourism. Delphi Method Applied to Tourism., 95-98.
Witkin, B. R., Altschuld, J. W., & Altschuld, J. (1995). Planning and conducting needs assessments: A practical guide. London: Sage.a fuzzy Delphi approach. International Journal of Science Education, 40(8), 847-866.
Yelland, N. (2015). Young children as multimodal learners in the information age. In Young children and families in the information age (pp. 151–163). Springer.
