Amalan Pengurusan Pentadbir Sekolah dan Kepuasan Kerja dalam kalangan Guru-Guru di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan
Abstract
Tahap kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan guru di Malaysia dipercayai rendah dari segi pengiktirafan, seperti yang dirasakan oleh pentadbir sekolah. Ini menunjukkan perkaitan yang kukuh antara tanggungjawab pentadbir sekolah dan tahap kepuasan guru. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menyiasat bagaimana amalan yang dilakukan oleh pentadbir sekolah memberi kesan kepada kepuasan kerja guru di sekolah menengah kebangsaan di negeri Perak. Reka bentuk penyelidikan yang digunakan adalah kaedah kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan saiz sampel 480 individu dipilih menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak mudah. Dapatan penyelidikan ini menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan pentadbir sekolah di sekolah menengah kebangsaan di Perak adalah tinggi, manakala kepuasan kerja guru adalah sederhana. Analisis ANOVA sehala mendedahkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara tahap pendidikan dan tahun pengalaman dalam kalangan guru. Selain itu, analisis korelasi Pearson sehala mendedahkan hubungan negatif yang ketara tetapi lemah antara pengurusan pentadbir sekolah dan kepuasan kerja guru sekolah menengah di Perak. Dapatan ini dapat membantu Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dalam merancang dan melaksanakan prosedur pemantauan dan penilaian secara berkesan untuk sekolah-sekolah di Perak.
Downloads
References
Abd Latib, N. A. (2021). Nilai-nilai keusahawanan mahasiswa akademi pengajian islam kontemporari terhadap keinginan membuka perniagaan selepas tamat pengajian. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 26(2), 172-183. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol26no2.408
Abd. Samad, A. A., & Bakar, A. R. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja guru di sekolah-sekolah rendah di Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 38(1), 1-9.
Abdul Rahman, N. A., Razak, R. A., & Othman, N. (2019). The influence of work environment on job satisfaction of teachers in Selangor. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 150-160.
Abdullah, H., & Mansor, M. (2019). Pengaruh organisasi pembelajaran terhadap kepuasan kerja guru sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian negeri Perak. E-Academia Journal, 8(1). doi:10.24191/e-aj. v8i1.6668
Ahiri, J., Dunifa, L., Ramly, M. I., & Ahiri, Y. (2023). The effect of job satisfaction on teachers’ performance: A survey with elementary school teachers in Kendari City, Indonesia. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 11(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijeld.2013/vol11n17181
Ahrari, S., Roslan, S., Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Mohd Rasdi, R., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). Relationship between teacher empowerment and job satisfaction: A Meta-Analytic path analysis. Cogent Education, 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021. 1898737.
Ali, S. H., Bahron, A. H., & Sondoh Jr, S. L. (2018). Kaitan antara kepimpinan, prestasi kerja, kepuasan kerja dan niat meletakkan jawatan dalam kalangan kakitangan Akademik Politeknik di Malaysia. Journal of the Asian Academy of Applied Business (JAAAB), 5.
Arfan, N. F., & Kiflee, D. N. A. (2018). Kepimpinan pengajaran, sekolah berkesan dan peradaban organisasi di pedalaman Sarawak. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(2), 127-136.
Billy, L. J., & Taat, M. S. (2020). Budaya sekolah: Hubungannya dengan komitmen guru. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(10), 207-216. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.511
Blanz, M. (2017). Employees’ job satisfaction: A test of the job characteristics model among social work practitioners. Journal of Evidence-informed social work, 14(1), 35-50.
Bustang, B., Kadir, A., & Azahan, A. (2020). Komitmen dalam pengurusan kualiti di sekolah: Konsep dan kerelevanannya. Akademika, 90(3), 71–83.
Cayman News. (2014, June 26). OECD: Teachers love their job but feel undervalued. Cayman News Service Archive. https//archive.caymannewsservice.com/ 2014/06/26/oecd-teachers-love-their-job-but-feel-undervalued/
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education. 7th ed. New York.
Daud, Y., Don, Y., Raman, A., Daud, R., & Hussin, F. (2015). Distributive leadership among leaders in effective schools. Journal of Teaching and Education, 4, 423–433.
Daud, Y., Yusof, N. M., & Hassan, M. F. (2016). Kepemimpinan dan pengurusan sekolah berprestasi tinggi: Satu kajian kes di Malaysia. Journal of Educational Management, 4(2), 26-36.
Ewen, R. B. (1964). Some determinants of job satisfaction: A study of the generalisability of Herzberg’s theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48, 1964, pp. 161.
George, B. A., & Marino, L. (2011). The epistemology of entrepreneurial orientation: conceptual formation, modeling, and operationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 989–1024. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00455.x
Goh, Y. S. & Azlin Norhaini. M. (2019). Kepimpinan transformasional guru besar dan kepuasan kerja guru di daerah Seremban. ICOFEA 2019 Conference Proceeding, 143-150. https://www.masree.info/icofea-2019/
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance, 16(2), 250-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Haider, S., Nisar, Q. A. L. I., Gill, S. S., & Ali, Z. (2017). Ensuring citizenship culture: A longitudinal study of transformational leadership. Journal of Business and Social Development 5(2), 25–35. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the Nature of Man. Cleveland, World Publishing Company.
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597-606.
Ibrahim, M. Z., Abdul Hamid, S. S., & Yaacob, A. (2015). Amalan kepimpinan distributif dalam pengurusan pentadbiran sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 3(1), 68-82.
Ingvarson, L., Meiers, M., & Beavis, A. (2005). Factors affecting the impact of professional development programs on teachers’ knowledge, practice, student outcomes & efficacy. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.14507/ epaa.v13n10. 2005
Ishak, S. J. (2000). Motivasi kerja di kalangan guru-guru Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor (JAIS) di Sabak Bernam [Tesis Sarjana Pendidikan]. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Ismail, M. R. (2021). Amalan pengurusan program akademik pentadbir dan perkembangan murid berpencapaian rendah akademik di Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan. PANRITA: Journal of Science, Technology, and Arts, 1(1).
Jaafar, M. N. (2005). Kepimpinan pengajaran guru besar, komitmen dan kepuasan kerja guru : satu kajian perbandingan dan hubungan antara sekolah berkesan dengan sekolah kurang berkesan. Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan Ke-12, Institut Aminuddin Baki, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
Jane Nyambura. (2012). Influence of school administrative practices on teachers’ job satisfaction in secondary school in Kirinyaga Central Sub Country, Kenya. Educational Administration of Kenyatta.
Kamarulzaman, K. (2010). Management of effective schools in Malaysia: Issue and Challenges. University Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Kamarulzaman, W., & Hashim, R. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025: Unity among students. SSRN 2302609. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2302609
Kementerian Komunikasi. (2018, December 17). Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas 2016-2020. https://www.kkd.gov.my/pdf/KPI/PPD%20KSP.pdf
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Putrajaya, Malaysia. Diperoleh daripada https://www.moe.gov.my/ muat-turun/penerbitan-dan-jurnal/1818-pelan- pembangunan-pendidikan-2013-2025.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017). Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Perak. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. https://www.moe.gov.my/korporat/jabatan/jabatan-pendidikan-negeri-perak.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0
Mohd Hanif, M. Z., Syarifah Sofia, A. R., Norhazwani, H., & Azlin Norhaini, M. (2015). Profil tret personaliti pengetua cemerlang dalam pengurusan dan pentadbiran sekolah. In ASEAN Comparative Education Research Conference. Fakulti Pendidikan UKM.
Mohd Nor, M. R., Mohd Saat, R., & Ahmad, M. S. (2016). Keberkesanan amalan pengurusan kepimpinan kepala sekolah dalam mempertingkatkan prestasi akademik di Malaysia. Journal of Educational Management, 4(1), 25-36.
Moran, E., Carlson, J. S., & Tableman, B. (2012). School climate and learning. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 2962-2966). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_396
Mortimore, P. (1995). Key Characteristics of Effective Schools. Kertas Kerja Seminar Sekolah Efektif, Institut Aminudin Baki, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Park, C. L. (2005). Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 707–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00428.x
Roslan, A. R., & Mohd Sharihan, M. H. (2019). Kepentingan iklim sekolah dalam mempengaruhi prestasi dan komitmen kerja guru. Journal of Management and Operation Research, 1(24), 1-8.
Saidin, S. Z., Badara, M. S., & Ahmi, A. (2020). Assessment of the governance practices in public sector: case studies of Malaysian Federal Government Agencies. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 2(2), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.15282/jgi.2.2.2019.5472.
Sanjaya, V. F., & Hernita, S. J. (2020). Online consumer review, brand community, trust and consumer purchase decisions in Indonesia. Ad-Deenar: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 4(02), 276. https://doi.org/10.30868/ad.v4i02.945.
Sawyer, S. F. (2009). Analysis of variance: The fundamental concepts. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 17(2), 27E-38E. https://doi.org/10.1179/jmt.2009.17.2.27E
Sidik, R., Pogo, T., & Nugroho, R. E. (2022). Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik Dan Motivasi Ekstrinsik Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Bawana Margatama. Procuratio: Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis, 1(1), 27-42.
Supardi, S., Azman, M. N. A., Mustapha, R., Che Rus, R., & Che Kob, C. G. (2015). Tahap Kecerdasan Emosi Guru Pelatih Teknikal dan Vokasional di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Sains Humanika, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v8n1.608
Supriyatna, Y., Nugraha, N., & Ramdhany, M. A. (2016, August). A model of effective school management at vocational high schools. In 2016 Global Conference on Business, Management and Entrepreneurship (pp. 579-584). Atlantis Press.
Taylor, T. Z., Psotka, J., & Legree, P. (2015). Relationships among applications of tacit knowledge and transformational/transactional leader styles. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(2), 120-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2013-0008
Wallenburg, C. M, & Handfield, R. (2022). Chapter 17: Social exchange theory, In Handbook of Theories for Purchasing, Supply Chain and Management Research. (pp. 267-282). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/ 9781839104503.00021
Wong, N. Y., & Goh, C. L. (2015). Effective school management and teacher job satisfaction: Perspectives from Singapore. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(1), 34-49.
Woo, H., Kim, W., Yi, Y., & Yoon, G. (2018). Examining training performance of TVET trainers with/without TVET certificate in the Republic of Korea. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 10(2).
Wynn, S. C. (2019). What research says about leadership styles and their implications for school climate and teacher job satisfaction. [Master of Education] Applied Research Projects. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/education_ research_projects/7
Yousaf, S., Latif, M., Aslam, S., Saddiqui, A. (2014), Impact Of Financial And Non Financial Rewards On Employee Motivation. Middleeast Journal Of Scientific Research. 21(10):1776-1786.
Zhang, Y., Li, J., Liu, Y., & Luo, Y. (2018). Job satisfaction among Chinese teachers: A hierarchical meta-analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 38(4), 495-512.















