Global Community-Based Rehabilitation Practices for Persons with Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) serves as a significant effort of global disability-inclusive development and access to rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities (PWDs). Despite this programme being recognised as effective and emphasising a community-driven model, CBR implementation and practices vary across regions due to contextual, structural, and policy-related disparities. This systematic review rigorously assesses global evidence on CBR implementation practices. A comprehensive search was conducted across major scientific databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. 29 eligible studies between 2022 and 2025, and indexed up to 21 April 2026. The studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for checklist-based quality criteria. Data were synthesised thematically. Collectively, the six main implementation practices underscore the complexity of translating the CBR principles into effective practice: (1) Community Participation and Empowerment; (2) Standardisation vs Flexibility; (3) Capacity Building; (4) Multidisciplinary Approaches and Intersectoral Coordination; (5) Sustainability and System Capacity; and (6) Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning. Integrated policy frameworks, consistent resource mobilisation, workforce development, and stronger community partnerships are required to strengthen the CBR implementation. The review provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to enhance CBR effectiveness and to uplift disability inclusion globally.
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