Kepimpinan Sebagai Pemacu Kompetensi Keusahawanan Dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa: Satu Analisis Konseptual
Abstract
Walaupun pendidikan keusahawanan semakin diperkukuh di institusi pengajian tinggi, pembangunan kompetensi keusahawanan dalam kalangan mahasiswa masih menunjukkan tahap yang kurang konsisten. Kajian terdahulu banyak menumpukan kepada niat keusahawanan, manakala peranan kepimpinan dalam membentuk kompetensi keusahawanan sebenar secara konseptual masih kurang diberi perhatian. Oleh itu, artikel ini disediakan bertujuan untuk membangunkan satu kerangka konseptual yang menjelaskan bagaimana kepimpinan berfungsi sebagai pemacu utama kepada pembangunan kompetensi keusahawanan mahasiswa. Berdasarkan Teori Kepimpinan Transformasional, Teori Kepimpinan Keusahawanan, Teori Kognitif Sosial dan Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis konseptual berasaskan sintesis teori dan sorotan kritikal terhadap artikel berwasit yang diperoleh daripada pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) dan MyCite. Literatur terkini disepadukan dengan teori-teori asas yang relevan bagi membangunkan model konseptual yang menjelaskan hubungan antara kepimpinan dan kompetensi keusahawanan mahasiswa. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahawa kepimpinan mempengaruhi pembangunan kompetensi keusahawanan melalui mekanisme psikologi seperti motivasi, efikasi kendiri keusahawanan, penglibatan pembelajaran dan ketahanan diri. Artikel ini menyumbang kepada literatur dengan memperkenalkan model integratif yang menghubungkan kepimpinan, mekanisme psikologi dan kompetensi keusahawanan mahasiswa, sekali gus mengalihkan fokus daripada model berasaskan niat kepada pembentukan keupayaan sebenar. Implikasi teori, praktikal serta agenda penyelidikan masa hadapan turut dibincangkan.
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