Bahasa Malaysia Version of Academic Performance Questionnaire: A Validation Study

Nur Ain Azman; Nur Syahmina Rasudin; Rohani Ismail; Noraini Abdul Ghafar; Shamarina Shohaimi; Nor Shafrin Ahmad; Norsiah Abdul Hamid

doi:10.47405/mjssh.v11i9.4172

Nur Ain Azman School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7896-8332
Nur Syahmina Rasudin School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-4880
Rohani Ismail School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-0596
Noraini Abdul Ghafar School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-5339
Shamarina Shohaimi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-6627
Nor Shafrin Ahmad School of Education Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-1096
Norsiah Abdul Hamid School of Multimedia Technology and Communication, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-9173

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v11i9.4172

Keywords: Academic performance, Higher education, Scale validation, Academicians, Malaysia

Abstract

Academic performance in higher education is increasingly shaped by global ranking systems that emphasise research output, institutional reputation, and internationalisation. In Malaysia, public universities face dual pressures to enhance global competitiveness while maintaining teaching quality and securing research funding. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Academic Performance Questionnaire (APQ) adapted for Malaysian academicians to measure perceptions of institutional performance. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design involving 116 academicians from the Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The structure of the instrument was examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) while reliability and validity were assessed through composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) to evaluate internal consistency and convergent validity. One weakly loading item was removed and one error covariance between two aspirational, internationally oriented items was specified. The resulting 11-item single-factor APQ displayed strong fit (χ²/df = 1.696, CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.078), with loadings from 0.653 to 0.747. Composite reliability reached 0.916 and AVE was 0.500, which met convergent validity. The adapted 11-item APQ is a valid and reliable unidimensional measure of perceived institutional academic performance for use with Malaysian health sciences academicians, even though future validation across diverse institutions and academic disciplines is recommended.

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