Hubungan Kepimpinan Pengetua dan Iklim Sekolah dengan Motivasi Guru
Keywords:
kepimpinan, iklim sekolah, kepimpinan pengetua, motivasi guru
Abstract
Kajian yang bertajuk hubungan kepimpinan pengetua dan iklim sekolah dengan motivasi guru dalam kalangan guru-guru sekolah menengah dilaksanakan di daerah Sri Aman, Sarawak. Seramai 188 responden dipilih menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak mudah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif yang menggunakan instrumen soal selidik. Kepimpinan pengetua telah diukur menggunakan instrumen The Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) dan iklim sekolah diukur menggunakan School-Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ). Instrumen soal selidik, A Questionnaire Measure of Individual Differences in Achieving Tendecy (QMAT) pula digunakan untuk mengukur tahap motivasi guru. Nilai alpha Cronbach soal selidik ialah .926, .747 dan .792. Dapatan kajian mendapati kepimpinan pengetua, iklim sekolah dan motivasi guru adalah pada tahap tinggi. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan kepimpinan pengetua berdasarkan kelayakan ikhtisas dan pengalaman mengajar, iklim sekolah berdasarkan kelayakan ikhtisas, motivasi guru berdasarkan kelayakan ikhtisas dan pengalaman mengajar. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi iklim sekolah berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar. Analisis kajian juga menunjukkan terdapatnya hubungan positif yang lemah antara iklim sekolah dengan motivasi guru (r=.358, p<.05) dan antara hubungan kepimpinan pengetua dengan motivasi guru (r=.206, p<.05).
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References
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Sanger, D., Spliker, A., Williams, N., & Belau, D. (2007). Opinion of Female Juvenile Delinquents on Communications, Learning dan Violence. Journal of Coreectional Education. 58(1), 69-92.
Santisi, G., Magnano, P., Hichy, Z. & Ramaci, T. (2014). Metacognitive Strategies and Work Motivation in Teachers: An Empirical Study. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1227-1231. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.373
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Spector, P. E. (2000). Industrial & Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice. Second edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1991): Motivation And Work Behavior. 5th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Stogdil. (1974). Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of the Literature. New York: Free Press.
Stringer, Robert. (1984). Efektifitas Organisasi. LP3S: Jakarta.
Turanian, Haider. & Yazdani Mylajrdy, Mahboneh. (2009). Journal of Educational Innovations, No. 29, Eighth Year.
U. Sekaran. (2006). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. Fourth edition. New York: John Wiley and Son, Inc.
Wang, M. T., & Degol, J. L. (2015). School Climate: a Review of the Construct, Measurement, and Impact on Student Outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 1-38.
Yeh-Yun Lin, C., & Liu, F.-C. (2012). A cross-level analysis of organizational creativity climate and perceived innovation: The mediating effect of work motivation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(1), 55-76.
Sebagai Inisiatif Polisi. Kertas Seminar ke-2 Sekolah Efektif. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia: Institut Aminuddin Baki.
Azman Othman, Naatyada Wanlabeh. (2012). Teachers’ Perspectives on Leadership Practices and Motivation in Islamic
Private Schools, Southern Thailand. Journal Asia Education and Development Studies, 237–250.
Berson, Y. & Bruce, J. A. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals; Acase study of a telecommunication firm. The Leardership Quarterly, 15(5), 625-646
Bennett, J. A. (2000). Focus on Research Methods: Mediator and Moderator Variables in Nursing Research Conceptual and Statistical Differences. Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 415-420.
Berry, M.L. (1998). Psychology at Work: an Introduction to Industri and Organizational Psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Book Co
Boromand, Z. (2005). Organizational Behavior Management, Tehran: Samt.
Byrne, B.M. (2009). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Second edition. Routledge.
Chua Y.P. (2006). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan: Asas Statistik Penyelidikan Malaysia: McGraw-Hill.
Davis, K. & Newstrom, J.W. (1996). Perilaku Organisasi Jilid 1. Jakarta: Erlangga
Ebrahimi M. & K. Mohamadkhani. (2014). The Relationship Between Organizational Climate and Job Involvement Among
Teachers of High Schools in Delijan City (Iran). International Journal of Management and Business Research, 4(1), 65-72.
Eyal, O. & Roth, G. (2011). Principals’ leadership and teachers’ motivation: self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256-275.
Gibson, Ivancevich, dan Donnely. (2003). Organisasi dan Manajemen: Prilaku Struktur. Jakarta: Terjemahan Edisi Keempat. Erlangga.
Grooraki H, Noroozi H, Marhamati S, & Behzadi F. (2013). The effect of leadership style on the employees’ job motivation in health care centres in Shiraz. Journal Adv Med-Rrof. 1(2), 59-63.
Gunter, H., Rayner, S., Thomas, H., Fielding, A., Butt, G. & Lance, A. (2005). Teachers, Time and Work: Findings from the Evaluation of the Transforming The School Workforce Pathfinder Project. School Leadership and Management, 25(5), 441-454.
Hoy, W. K., & Clover, S. I. (1986). Elementary school climate: A revision of the OCDQ. Educational Administration Quarterly, 22(1), 92-110.
Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G., (2001). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice, 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Herrsey, Paul dan Blanchard, K. H. (1998). Management of Organization Behavior, New York : Englewood Cliffs.
Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G., (2001). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice, 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hussein Mahmood. (1993). Kepemimpinan dan keberkesanan sekolah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Indrawijaya, Adam. (1999). Sistim Informasi dan Perilaku Organisasi. Yogyakarta : BPFE-UGM.
Kingoina, O. J., Kadenyi, M. M., & Ngaruiya, N. B. (2015). Effect of Teachers’ Morale on Standard Eight Pupils’ Academic Achievement in Public Primary Schools in Marani Sub-County, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, V(10), 1-9.
Kyak, M., Bozaykut, T. Gengur, P. Aktas, E. (2011). Strategic Leadership Style and Organization Financial Performance: A Qualitatve Study on Private Hospitals, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science, 24, 1521-1529.
Leithwood, & Sun, J. P. (2012). The Nature and Effects of Transformational School Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Unpublished Research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(3), 387-423.http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11436268
MacIntyre, P., MacKinnon, S. & Clement, R.. (2009). In D. Zoltan & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 Self, (pp. 193-214). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
McClelland, J.L. (1978). Perception and masking of wholes and parts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 210-223.
Mohamad Johdi Salleh et al. (2009). Kajian Terhadap Kesedaran Pendidikan Di Kalangan Masyarakat Orang Asli. Persidangan Kebangsaan Pendidikan Luar Bandar 2009. 1-15.
Mossadegh Rad AM. (2005). Examine the leadership between leadership styles and effectiveness of Isfahan hospitals. Journal of of Administration Sciences and Economy, 24(1), 132-151
Munandar, A. Sunyoto. (2001). Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi. Jakarta: UI-Press
Najeemah Mohd Yusof. (2012). School climate and Teachers commitment: A Case Study in Penang Malaysia. University Sains Malaysia. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 4(1), 65-72.
Nik Badrul Hisham Nik Ismail & Mastura Mahfar. (2015). Hubungan antara gaya kepimpinan pengetua dengan motivasi dalam kalangan guru SMK Harian Daerah Kluang, Johor. Sains Humanika, 5(1), 9-18.
Norhannan Ramli & Jamaliah Abdul Hamid. (2006). Jurnal Pendidikan. 31: 53-69.
NZEI Te Riu Roa. 2005. Quality Teachers, Quality Teaching. An NZEI Discussion Paper Presented to Annual Meeting August, 2005. www.nzei.org.nz/resources publications/documents/QualTeachFinal WEB.pdf
Papalexandris, N. & Galanaki, E. (2009). Leadership’s impact on employee engagement: differences among entrepreneurs and professional CEOs. Leadership & Organizational Journal, 30(4), 365-385.
Petermode, V.F. (1991): Educational Administration, Applied Concepts and Theoretical Perspectives. Lagos: Joja Publishing Ltd.
Pourrajab, D. M., Roustaee, R., Talebloo, B., Kasmaienezhadfard, S., & Ghani, A. M. (2015). School Climate and Parental Involvement: The Perception of Iranian Teachers. Global Journal of Commerce & Management Perspective, IV(1), 24-33.
Robbins, S. P. (2003). Organizational Behavior. (10th ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Rufini, Sueli Edi., Jose Aloyseo Bzuneck & Katya Luciane de Oliveira. (2012). The Quality of Motivation Among Elementary Scool Students. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina-PR, Brazil.
Sanger, D., Spliker, A., Williams, N., & Belau, D. (2007). Opinion of Female Juvenile Delinquents on Communications, Learning dan Violence. Journal of Coreectional Education. 58(1), 69-92.
Santisi, G., Magnano, P., Hichy, Z. & Ramaci, T. (2014). Metacognitive Strategies and Work Motivation in Teachers: An Empirical Study. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1227-1231. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.373
Sergiovanni, T. (1984). Leadership and excellence in schooling. Educational Leadership, 41(5), 4-13.
Shukri Bin Zain. (2004). Komunikasi Kepimpinan dan Hubungan Dengan Motivasi. Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan ke 12. Institut Aminudin Baki, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
Siti Sarawati Binti Johar. (2006). Gaya Kepimpinan Pengetua dan Hubunganya dengan Tahap Motivasi Guru Di Sekolah Menengah Daerah Kota Tinggi. Tesis Sarjana, UTM.
Smith, P. A., Hoy, W. K., & Sweetland, S. R. (2003). Organizational health of high Skinner, B. F. 1977. Why I am not a Cognitive Psychologist, Behaviorism, 5: 1–10.
Spector, P. E. (2000). Industrial & Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice. Second edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1991): Motivation And Work Behavior. 5th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Stogdil. (1974). Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of the Literature. New York: Free Press.
Stringer, Robert. (1984). Efektifitas Organisasi. LP3S: Jakarta.
Turanian, Haider. & Yazdani Mylajrdy, Mahboneh. (2009). Journal of Educational Innovations, No. 29, Eighth Year.
U. Sekaran. (2006). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. Fourth edition. New York: John Wiley and Son, Inc.
Wang, M. T., & Degol, J. L. (2015). School Climate: a Review of the Construct, Measurement, and Impact on Student Outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 1-38.
Yeh-Yun Lin, C., & Liu, F.-C. (2012). A cross-level analysis of organizational creativity climate and perceived innovation: The mediating effect of work motivation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(1), 55-76.
