Keibubapaan Digital dan Mediasi Ibu Bapa Terhadap Penggunaan Internet Remaja di Malaysia
Keywords:
keibubapaan, digital, remaja, internet, mediasi ibu bapa
Abstract
Internet dan penggunaan peranti digital adalah satu keperluan dalam kehidupan seharian di persekitaran digital. Kini penggunaan teknologi digunakan untuk pelbagai tujuan seperti hiburan, pengetahuan dan tujuan interaksi. Bagaimanapun, internet pada asasnya diperkenalkan dengan anggapan bahawa pengguna adalah golongan dewasa. Namun pada era ini, kanak-kanak dan remaja tidak ketinggalan dengan arus teknologi ini. Akibatnya mereka berkemungkinan terdedah kepada risiko seperti isi kandungan yang tidak sesuai dengan usia dan masalah ketagihan internet. Oleh itu, ibu bapa pada era digital perlu ambil perhatian dalam usaha untuk memantau penggunaan internet anak-anak mereka. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini membincangkan secara konsep tentang strategi ibu bapa dalam memantau penggunaan internet remaja. Tujuannya adalah kerana remaja sedang mengalami proses peralihan daripada kanak-kanak menuju kematangan dan sentiasa inginkan autonomi dan mencari identiti mereka. Internet menjadi platform untuk memenuhi keperluan masa lapang dan emosi mereka. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini turut mengupas tentang keibubapaan pada era digital, penggunaan internet oleh remaja serta kesan internet terhadap remaja. Berdasarkan kupasan itu, artikel ini mengetengahkan mediasi ibu bapa sebagai strategi pemantauan terhadap penggunaan internet remaja. Terdapat tiga dimensi mediasi yang dibincangkan iaitu mediasi aktif, mediasi sekatan dan mediasi penggunaan bersama. Dalam konteks artikel ini, mediasi ibu bapa merujuk kepada pendekatan komunikasi interpersonal di antara ibu bapa dan anak-anak berhubung dengan perihal penggunaan internet. Pelaksanaan pemantauan ibu bapa ini menjadi asas untuk remaja mengakses internet bagi tujuan kebaikan. Seterusnya memupuk keprihatinan ibu bapa terhadap keselamatan dalam talian disamping menyokong penggunaan internet secara positif dan meminimumkan kesan negatif dalam kalangan remaja.
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References
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Zaman, B., Nouwen, M., Vanattenhoven, J., Ferrerre, E. & Van Looy, J. (2016). A qualitative inquiry into the contextualized parental mediation practices of young children’s digital media use at home, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 60:1, 1-22.
Ahmed, S., Pokhrel, N., Roy, S. & Samuel, A.J. (2019). Impact of nomophobia: A nondrug addiction among students of physiotherapy course using an online cross-sectional survey. Indian J. Psychiatry 2019, 61, 77–80
Ali Salman. & Mohd Safar Hasim, (2011) Internet Usage in a Malaysian Sub-Urban Community: A Study of Diffusion of ICT Innovation. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 16(2), 2011, article 6.
Ali Salman., Er Ah Choy, Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud, & Roslina Abdul Latif. (2013) Tracing the Diffusion of Internet in Malaysia: Then and Now. Asian Social Science; Vol. 9, No. 6; 2013. ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education
Anderson, M. & Jiang, J. (2018) Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018. Pew Research Center, May 2018, “Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018
Azlina Daud, Siti Zobidah Omar, Md Salleh Hassan, Jusang Bolong & Misha Teimouri. (2014). Parental mediation of children’s positive use of the Internet. Life Science Journal 2014: 11 (8) : 360-369.
Benrazavi, R., Teimouri, M., & Griffiths, M.D. (2015). Utility of parental mediation model on youth’s problematic online gaming. International Journal Mental Health and Addiction.13(6), pp. 712-727.
Chang, F.C., Chiub, C.H.,Miaoc, N.F., Chen, P.H., Lee, C.M., Chiang, J.T., Pan, Y.C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry.57 (2015) 21–28.
Charles, S.T, Piazza, J.R., Mogie, J., Silwinski, M.J., & Alemida D.M. (2013). The wear and tear of daily stressors on mental health. Psychological Science. 24(5) 733-741
Chassiakos, Y.R., Radesky, J., Christakis, D., & Moreno, M.A. (2016). Children and adolescents and digital media. AAP Council on Communications and Media. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5): e20162593
Clark, L. (2011). Parental mediation theory for the digital age. Communication theory. 21, 323–343.
Daneels, R., & Vanwynsberghe, H. (2017). Mediating social media use: connecting parents’ mediation strategies and social media literacy. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. 11(3), article 5.
Digi.com.my. 2021. Digi celebrates decade-long commitment for a safer internet.
Elhai, J.D., Dvorak, R.D., Levine J.C. & Hall, B.J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use : a conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders. 207 (2017) 251-259
Fernandes, B., Biswas, U.N., Tan-Mansukhani, R., Vallejo, A. & Essau, C.A. (2020) The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes. Vol. 7 nº. 3- Septiembre 2020 - pp 59-65.
Galera, N., Matsumoto, M. & Poveda, D. (2016). The place of digital devices in the home and family routines of young children (3-7) in Madrid. Media Education. Vol. 7, n. 2, pp. 303-319
Grizólio, T.C & Scorsolini-Comin. F. (2020). How Has Parental Mediation Guided Internet Use By Children and Adolescents? Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. 2020, v. 24
Haniff Hassan, Jusang Bolong, Siti Zobidah Omar, Narimah Ismail & Musa Abu Hassan (2013) Implikasi penggunaan komputer terhadap pola komunikasi keluarga dan masa berkomunikasi dalam keluarga petani Melayu di Malaysia. Jurnal Elektronik Jabatan Bahasa & Kebudayaan Melayu . Jilid 4.
Ismail Sualman (2019, November 3) Ketagihan media sosial sudah serius. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/55317/KOLUMNIS
Iqbal, S., Zakar, R. & Fischer, F. (2021) Predictors of parental mediation in teenagers’ internet use: a cross-sectional study of female caregivers in Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Public Health (2021) 21:317
Kalmus,V., Blinka, L., & Olafsson, K. (2015). Does it matter what mama says: evaluating the role of parental mediation in European adolescents’ excessive Internet use. Children & Society. Volume 29, pp. 122–133
Koning, I. M., Peeters, M., Finkenauer, C. & Van Den Eijnden, R. (2018). Bidirectional effects of Internet-specific parenting practices and compulsive social media and Internet game use. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 7(3), pp. 624–632 (2018). DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.68
Kousari, M., & Mehrabi, M. (2017). Parental mediation of children’s video game experiences: Iranian parents’ strategies of mediation. International Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) Vol.7, No.1, 2017
Lakshmana G, Kasi S, Rehmatulla M. (2017). Internet use among adolescents: Risk-taking behavior, parental supervision, and implications for safety. Indian J Soc Psychiatry 2017;33:297-304
Livingstone, S. (2007) From family television to bedroom culture: Young people’s media at home. In E. Devereux (Ed.), Media Studies: Key issues and Debates (302-321). London: Sage.
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2008, 52(4), 581–599.
Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E.,J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G.A. & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: the role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication .
Lupton, D., Pedersen, S. & Thomas, G.M. (2016) Parenting and Digital Media: From the Early Web to Contemporary Digital Society. Sociology Compass 10/8 (2016), 730–743.
Misha Teimori, Md Salleh Hassan, Jusang Bolong, Ezhar Tamam, Nor Azura Adzaruddin & Azlina Daud. (2014). Re-examining Parental Mediatiion Model For Children Internet Safety. Journal of Language and Communication. 1(2), 209-220
Nadia Hamid (2017, Oktober 22). Remaja, Kanak-kanak Ketagihan Internet Serius. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2017/
Naquiah Nahar, Sahrunizam Sangi, Dharsigah A/P Baniear Salvam, Nurhidayu Rosli & Abdul Hafiz Abdullah. (2018). Impak Negatif Teknologi Moden Dalam Kehidupan Dan Perkembangan Kanak-Kanak Hingga Usia Remaja. International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies. 01 (2018) pp. 87-99 |
Nathalie.S, Nikken.P & Haan. J. D. (2013). Determinants of Internet Mediation. Journal of Children and Media, 2013 7(1), 96 – 113.
Noorma Razali, Siti Farhannie Mohd Adnan, Siti Marziah Zakaria & Khaidzir Hj Ismail (2018) Kepentingan Pemantauan Media Ibu Bapa Ke Arah Kesejahteraan Positif Kanak-Kanak Awal. Simposium Kebangsaan Kanak-Kanak dan Keluarga. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Normah Mustafa, Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud, Fauziah Ahmad, Maizatul Haizan Mahbob & Mohd Helmi Abd Rahim. (2013). Kebergantungan Internet dan aktiviti online remaja di Lembah Kelang. Journal Komunikasi.
Nurhamizah Hashim & Asbah Razali (2019) Teknologi dan Media Sosial dalam Komunikasi Ibubapa dan Anak-anak. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication. Jilid 35(4) 2019: 337-352
Pillai, S. (2001). Malaysia’s oldest search engine upbeat in trying times. CNETAsia.
Ofcom. (2016). Children and parents. Media Use and Attitudes Report 2016.
Ponte, C. (2016). Contextualising digital practices at home – Whose contexts? Whose homes?. Centro de Investigação em Educação (CIEd)
Raja Kumar Murugesan, Siti Khadijah Binti Mohd Hamzaht & Supriyanto. (2018) A Study on internet addiction among teenagers in Selangor state of Malaysia. MATEC Web of Conferences 218, 03018
Rahmah Ghazali (2017, September 20). Celcom introduces KidSafe app to track children's online activities. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/09/20
Rodríguez-de-Dios, I., van Oosten, J.M.F, Igartua, J.J. (2018). A study of the relationship between parental mediation and adolescents’ digital skills, online risks and online opportunities. Computers in Human Behavior. 82 (2018) 186-198
Romero-Ruiz, K., Echeverri-Sáncheza, L., Peña-Plataa, J., Vásquez-Giraldod, S., Aguilera-Cardonaa, M., Herazo-Avendañoa, C., Valencia- Arias, A., & Bran-Piedrahita, L. (2017). Information and communication technologies impact on family relationship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 237 ( 2017 ) 30 – 37
Salmah Omar dan Malisah Latip. (2016). Pengaruh peranti teknologi kepada perkembangan sosial dan permasalahan kesihatan kanak-kanak.
Seo, H. & Lee, C.S. (2017). Emotion matters: What happens between young children and parents in a touchscreen world. International Journal of Communication. 11(2017), 561–580
Shaji, M. & Sebastian, T. (2020). Parental Mediation of Adolescents' Internet Use. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 10.30491/ijbs.2020.214319.1185
Smahelova, M., Juhová, D., Cermak, I., Smahel, D. (2017). Mediation of young children’s digital technology use: the parents’ perspective. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. 11(3), article 4.
Unicef. (2017). The State of the World’s Children 2017: Children in a Digital World. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). December 2017
Utusan Malaysia. 2016. Peranan Ibu bapa Kawal Anak-anak Guna Internet. 25 September 2016
Utusan Malaysia. 2018. Panduan Keibubapaan Zaman Digital. 12 Februari 2018
Wisniewski, P.J, Xu, H., Rosson, M.B.,& Carroll, J.M. (2014). Adolescent online safety: the moral of the story. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing. ACM, 1258–1271.
Zaman, B., Nouwen, M., Vanattenhoven, J., Ferrerre, E. & Van Looy, J. (2016). A qualitative inquiry into the contextualized parental mediation practices of young children’s digital media use at home, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 60:1, 1-22.
