Penilaian Tahap Kepulihan Penagihan Dadah dalam kalangan Penagih Lelaki yang sedang Menjalani Rawatan dan Pemulihan
Keywords:
kepulihan ketagihan, kebergantungan dadah, kemungkinan relaps dadah, resiliensi dadah, kekuatan mental klien
Abstract
Kajian psikologikal berkenaan kepulihan ketagihan dadah berkembang dan bertambah secara dinamik selari dengan masalah dadah yang wujud di dunia. Kajian ini berfokus untuk mengenal pasti tahap kepulihan penagih dadah yang menjalani rawatan pemulihan di CCRC Besut secara kuantitatif berdasarkan instrumen DART yang dibina. Seramai 123 penagih dadah yang dirawat di Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC) di Besut, Terengganu dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif pada setiap komponen iaitu kebergantungan dadah, kemungkinan relaps dadah, resiliensi dadah dan kekuatan mental klien. Dari segi tahap kepulihan responden di CCRC Besut, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa 52.03% responden boleh dibebaskan sepenuhnya, 36.59% responden boleh dibebaskan sebagai pesakit luar, 8.94% responden tidak boleh dibebaskan dan perlu diberikan pemantauan, dan 2.44% responden tidak boleh dibebaskan dan perlu menjalani rawatan secara intensif. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa instrumen tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kepulihan penagih yang sedang menjalani rawatan dadah di pusat pemulihan. Kesimpulannya, instrumen DART yang dibina diharapkan dapat membantu kerajaan khususnya CCRC untuk merawat penagih daripada masalah penagihan dadah dengan lebih berkesan di masa depan.
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Anthony, W.A. (1993). Recovery from Mental Illness: The Guiding Vision of the Mental Health System in the 1990s. Innovations and Research, 2, 17-24.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Buckingham, M., & Clifton, D. O. (2001). Now, discover your strengths. New York: Free Press.
Coopersmith. (2002). The Antecedent of Self Esteem. San Fransisco: W. H. Freeman & Company.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18: 76–82.
C. K. Cheung, T. Y. Lee, C. M. Lee. (2003). Factors in successful relapse prevention among Hong Kong drug addicts. Treating Substance Abusers in Correctional Context: New Understanding, New Modalities From http://www.HaworthPress.com.
Deegan, P.E. (1988). Recovery: The Lived Experience of Rehabilitation. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 11:1119.
De-Micheli, D. & Formigoni, M. L. (2000). Screening of Drug Use in a Teenage Brazilian Sample Using the Drug Use Screening Inventory. Addictive Behavior, 25(5): 683691.
Fauziah. I, Ezarina. Z, Mohd Norahim. M, S. Nor Jana, Saim, & Salina, N. (2017). Self-esteem among former drug addicts under observation in malaysia: towards a comprehensive recovery. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 31 (1) (2017): 29 – 39.
Fauziah, I, Ezarina, Z, Salina, N, Norulhuda, S, & Nazirah, H. (2018). Pengaruh Gangguan Emosi Dalam Kalangan Orang Kena Pengawasan (Influence of Emotional Disturbance among Individuals under Surveillance. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia 32 (4): 159-171
Fauziah, I., Bahaman, A. S., Mansor A.T., & Mohamad Shatar, S. (2009). Faktor Menyumbang Kepada Penagihan Relaps dalam Kalangan Penagih Dadah PUSPEN di Semenanjung Malaysia. Jurnal Agensi AntiDadah Kebangsaan, 5:235-251.
Fernandez-Hermida, J. R., Secades-Villa, R., FernandezLudena, J.J., dan Marina-Gonzalez, P. A. (2002). Effectiveness of a therapeutic community treatment in Spain: A long-term follow up study. Eropean Addiction Research, 8, 22-29.
Glantz, M. D., & Johnson, J. L. (1999). Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations. New York: Kluwer Academik/Plenum Publishers.
Hammer-bacher, M. & Lyvers, M. (2006). Factors associated with relapse among clients in Australian substance disorder treatment facilities. Journal of Substance Use, 11 (6), 387-394.
Krosnick, J. A., & Presser S. (2010). Question and Questionnaire Design.
Lasimon Matokrem. (2007). Intervensi dan peranan kaunselor untuk menjana kepulihan klien sepanjang hayat. Jurnal Anti Dadah Malaysia, 1(1), 97-118.
Leventhal, A.M., Kahler, C.W., Ray, L.A., Stone, K., Young, D., Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. (2008). Anhedonia and Amotivation in Psychiatric Outpatients with Fully Remitted Stimulant Use Disorder. American Journal on Addictions, 17, 218 –22.
Lent, R. W. (2004). Toward a Unifying Theoretical and Practical Perspective on Well-Being and Psychosocial Adjustment. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51(4), 482–509.
Lily, Mastura, H. & Ooi Boon Keat. (2004). Penerokaan gaya hidup penagih dadah: Perspektif teori psikologi individu. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 12(20): 11.
Lozano, B. E., Stephens, R. S., dan Roffman, R. A. (2006). Addiction, 101, 1589-1597.
Matokrem, L. (2007). Intervensi dan Peranan Kaunselor untuk Menjana Kepulihan Klien Sepanjang Hayat. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 1.
Melemis S.M. (2015). Relapse prevention and the five rulesb of recovery. YALE Journal of Biology and Medicine, 88, 325-332.
Mental Health Advocacy Coalition. (2008). Destination: Recovery. Auckland: Mental Health. Foundation of New Zealand.
Miller, A. F. (2001). Substance Abuse Treatment for Women with Children. Corrections Today, 61: 88-92.
Mohamed. (2006). Mencegah, merawat dan memulihkan penagihan dadah: beberapa pendekatan dan amalan di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn.
Moody, Melissa L. (2003). Factors Influencing Substance Abuse/Dependence and Treatment Outcome of Adolescents in a Residential Substance Abuse Program: An Exploratory Study. Masters Theses. 1503.
N. M. Mahmood. (1995) Perubahan Psikologikal dari segi harga diri, profil personality dan penggunaan mekanisme bela diri di kalangan penagih yang mengikuti pemulihan serenti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. American Psychological Association; Oxford University Press.
Rico, E. D., Dios, H. C., Ruch, W. (2012). Content validity evidences in test development: An applied perspective. International journal of clinical and health psychology, 12(3), 449-460.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rovee-Collier, C. (1999). The development of infant memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(3), 80–85.
Rowley, J. (2014). Designing and using research questionnaires. Management Research Review, 37(3), 308-330.
Ruhani, M. M., Abdullah, M., & Nor Ezdianie, O. (2012). Keperibadian dan sokongan sosial penghuni PUSPEN: Implikasi terhadap program pemulihan. Journal Kemanusiaan, 20(1): 56-66.
Rutter, M. (1965). Resilience in the face of adversity. Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. BrJPsychiatry.1985, 147:598–611.
Scozelli, J. (1987). Drugs Abuse: Preventions and Rehabilitations in Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Sharma, 0. P. (1995). The dilemma of addictive personality and resolvability of drug dependence. Journal of Indian Psychology, 13(1), 47-50.
Sousa, L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Life satisfaction. In J. Worell (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of women and gender: Sex similarities and differences and the impact of society on gender. San Diego, CA: Academic Press
Sun, A. P. (2007). Relapse among substance-abusing women: Components and processes. Substance Use and Misuse, 42, 1-21.
Werner, E., & Smith, R. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: Adams, Bannister and Cox.
WHO. (1964). Scientific Group on the Evaluation of Dependence Producing Drugs Wld Hlth Org. techn. Rep. Ser., 287.
