The Moderating Effect of Working from Home in The Relationship Between Motivational Factors and Project Performance: A Case Study of Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua (Perodua) in Malaysia
Keywords:
working from home, motivational factors, project performance
Abstract
This research study investigates the direct empirical link between motivational factors and project performance among 277 employees who work in Perodua by utilizing working from home as a moderating variable to portray the automotive industry in Malaysia. It may have consequences for business practitioners who really want to evaluate the effectiveness of their work-from-home policy, especially from the angle during the Covid-19 pandemic and crisis. Furthermore, the research concluded that working from home was an important mediator in the relationship between motivational factors and project performance. The study's methodology is quantitative, and the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) Version 22 package was used to explore the connection between motivational factors and project performance in relation to the moderating impact of working from home. The data was gathered by issuing an online questionnaire to employees who work in Perodua, which represents the automotive industry in Malaysia. The questionnaire, which used a 5-point Likert-type scale, was distributed via phone and email, and the link was also posted on social media, which attracted 277 responses. To highlight in particular, the result from this research study shows a significant relationship between working from home, job satisfaction, staff rewards, employee training and project performance. As expected, the moderating variable which is working from home gives the greatest contribution to project performance. Eventually, theoretical and practical consequences were explored based on study findings. There were some limitations and recommendations for future research.
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References
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Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40-68.
Ammons, S.K. & Markham, W.T. (2004). Working at home: experiences of skilled white-collar workers. Sociological Spectrum, 4(2), 191-238.
Andrew, D.P. & Kent, A. (2007). The impact of perceived leadership behaviors on satisfaction, commitment, and motivation. International Journal of Coaching Science, 1(1), 37-58.
Armstrong, M. (2013). A Handbook on Human Resource Management. London: KoganPage Publishers.
Bailey, D.E. & Kurland, N.B. (2002). A review of telework research: findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383-400.
Brooks, C. (2014) 10 Big companies that will let you work from home. [Online] Available at: https://www.yahoo.com/news/10-big-companies-let-home-121235634.html [Accessed 31st July 2017].
Chan, A.P.C. & Chan, A.P.L. (2004). Key performance indicators for measuring construction success. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 11 (2), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770410532624.
Cooper, C. D. & Kurland, N. B. (2002). Telecommuting, professional isolation, and employee development in public and private organizations. Journal of organizational behavior, 23(4), 511-532.
Dewhurst, M., Guthridge, M. & Mohr, E., (2009). Motivating people: Getting beyond money. McKinsey Quarterly, 1(4), 12-15.
Farooqui, S., & Nagendra, A. (2014). The Impact of Person organization Fit on Job Satisfaction and Performance of the Employees. Procedia Economics and Finance, 122-129.
Fonner, K.L. & Roloff, M.E. (2010). Why Teleworkers are More Satisfied with Their Jobs than are Office - Based Workers: When Less Contact is Beneficial. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(4), 336-361.
Fugate, M. Kinicki, A.J. & Ashforth, B.E. (2004). Employability: A Psycho-social construct. Its Dimensions and Application. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 14-38.
Golden, T.D. & Veiga, J.F. (2008). The impact of superior-subordinate relationships on the commitment, job satisfaction, and performance of virtual workers. The Leadership Quarterly,19 (1), 77-88.
Griffin, R. & Moorhead, G. (2013). Organizational behavior: managing people and organizations. London: Cengage Learning
Gurstein P. (2001). Wired to the World: Chained to the Home: Telework in Daily Life. Vancouver: UBC Press.
Handy, S.L. & Mokhtarian, P.L. (1996). The future of telecommuting. Futures, 28(3), 227 - 40.
Harpaz, I. (2002). Advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting for the individual, organization and society. Work Study, 51(2), 74-80.
Johnson, L.C., Audrey, J. & Shaw, S.M. (2007). Mr. Dithers comes to dinner: telework and the merging of women’s work and home domains in Canada. Gender, Place, and Culture, 14(2), 141-61.
Kehoe, R.R. & Wright, P.M., (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees’ attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 39(2), 366-391.
Khalifa, M. & Davison, R. (2000). Exploring the telecommuting paradox. Communications of the ACM, 43(3), 29-31.
Khan, A. A., Abbasi, S. O. B. H., Waseem, R. M., Ayaz, M., & Ijaz, M. (2016). Impact of Training and Development of Employees on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction: A Study of Telecom Sector of Pakistan.
Kotnour, T. (2000) Organizational Learning practices in the project management environment. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 17 (4/5), 393-406
Loo R. (2003). A multi-level causal model for best practices in project management. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 10 (1), 29-36
Madsen, S. R. (2003). The effects of home‐based teleworking on work‐family conflict. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14 (1), 35-58.
Martinez-Sanchez, A., Perez-Perez, M., Vela-Jimenez, M.J. & de-Luis-Carnicer, P. (2008). Telework adoption, change management, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 7-31.
Maruyama, T. & Tietze, S. (2012). From anxiety to assurance: concerns and outcomes of telework. Personnel Review, 41 (4), 450-469.
Morgan, R. E. (2004). Teleworking: an assessment of the benefits and challenges. European Business Review, 16(4), 344-357.
Nilles, J. M. (1997). Telework: enabling distributed organizations: implications for IT managers. Information Systems Management, 14(4), 7-14.
Perez - Perez, M., Martinez - Sanchez, A. & Pilar de Luis Carnicer, M. (2003). The organizational implications of human resources managers’ perception of teleworking. Personnel Review, 32 (6), 733-755.
Pratt, J. H. (1999). Selected communications variables and telecommuting participation decisions: Data from telecommuting workers. The Journal of Business Communication, 36(3), 247 – 254.
Sarfo Mensah, (June 2007). The Effect Of Project Management Practices On Budling Project Performance: The Case Of Three Organizations, page 21.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: a skill building approach. 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2003. Google Scholar
Shiu, Y.-M., & Yu, T. (2010). Internal marketing, organizational culture, job satisfaction and organizational performance in non-life insurance. The Service Industries Journal, 793-809.
Susilo (2020). Revealing the Effect of Work-From-Home on Job Performance during the Covid-19 Crisis: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. Published by The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 26(1), 23 – 40.
Torrington, D. Hall, L, Taylor, S. & Atkinson C. (2009). Fundamentals of human resource management, 1st edition. Pearson Education Limited
Tortosa, V., A.Moliner, M., & Sanchez, J. (2010). Internal market orientation and its influence on the satisfaction of contact personnel. The Service Industries Journal, 1279 1297
Tremblay, D. G. and Genin, E. (2007). The demand for telework of IT self-employed workers. The Journal of E-working, 1(2), 98-115.
Tremblay, D. G. & Thomsin, L. (2012). Telework and mobile working: analysis of its benefits and drawbacks. International Journal of Work Innovation, 1(1), 100-113.
Wang, Y., (2004). Observations on the organizational commitment of Chinese employees: Comparative studies of state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4-5).
Wilson, M., & Hash, J. (2003). Building an Information Technology Security Awareness and Training Program: Technology Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce, Special Publication, 3, 50-80.
Zhang, J. (2016). The dark side of virtual office and job satisfaction. International journal of business and management, 11(2), 40.
