Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Sistem Pendingin Hawa Terbantu Terma-Suria di Bangunan Pejabat
Abstract
Bangunan pejabat hijau menjadi konsep pembinaan pada masa kini bagi mengatasi masalah pencemaran. Pencemaran berlaku disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, antaranya ialah pelepasan karbon daripada bangunan pejabat, iaitu kira- kira 80 – 90%. Kebelakangan ini, bangunan kerajaan di Malaysia kebanyakannya membebaskan jumlah karbon yang rendah selari dengan kesedaran tenaga mampan. Penggunaan sistem pendingin hawa terbantu terma-suria merupakan salah satu kaedah yang menyumbang kepada pengurangan penggunaan tenaga elektrik iaitu sebanyak 60% atau bersamaan 2.4 juta kg karbon dioksida (CO2) setahun yang dibebaskan ke udara selain dapat mengawal pencemaran udara di Malaysia. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengagihan elektrik kepada sistem-sistem dan peralatan utama di bangunan pejabat, mentafsir corak penggunaan sistem pendingin hawa gabungan konvensional dan terbantu suria-terma di bangunan pejabat, serta menjalankan analisis tekno-ekonomi dan penilaian kitar hayat ke atas sistem pendingin hawa terbantu suria di bangunan pejabat. Kajian dijalankan di Ibu Pejabat Pembangunan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (IPPKNS) yang terletak di Seksyen 14 Shah Alam yang menggunakan sistem pendingin hawa terbantu terma-suria. Sistem ini yang menggunakan radiasi suria sebagai sumber boleh diperbaharui bertindak sebagai sumber tenaga kepada sistem penyejukan di dalam bangunan dan seterusnya mengurangkan kos operasi pendingin hawa. Berdasarkan analisis penjimatan tenaga, kitar hayat yang diambil kira dalam jangka 20 tahun menunjukkan pulangan kos pendahuluan (Pay Back Period) selama sepuluh tahun dan kos operasi pendingin hawa dalam bangunan dapat dikurangkan sebanyak 5% setahun. Secara keseluruhannya, sistem pendingin hawa terbantu terma-suria ini berpotensi untuk dikomersialkan penggunaannya berikutan penjimatan yang ketara daripada segi kos dan kitar hayat sistem, serta mengurangkan pencemaran alam sekitar.
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